Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neuro 3 > Lecture 1: Intro to Neuroanatomy > Flashcards

Lecture 1: Intro to Neuroanatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two main divisions of the Nervous System?

A

CNS and PNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the divisions of the CNS?

A

•Brain
•Spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the divisions of the brain?

A

•Cerebellum
•Brainstem
•Cerebellum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the functions of the CNS?

A

•Integrates processes and coordinates sensory data and motor commands
•Seat of higher functions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the parts of the seat of higher functions?

A

•Intelligence
•Memory
•Learning
•Emotions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the CNS protected by?

A

Bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the PNS surrounded by?

A

Soft tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the two divisions of the PNS?

A

•Somatic
•Autonomic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the two divisions of the the somatic PNS?

A

•Motor
•Sensory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the two division of the autonomic PNS?

A

•Motor
•Sensory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the two divisions of the Motor component of the autonomic nervous system?

A

•Sympathetic
•Parasympathetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does Somatic mean?

A

Body wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What kind of control is the autonomic nervous system under?

A

Not under voluntary control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are some examples of autonomic control?

A

Nerve supply to the viscera, lungs, gut, sweat glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are some examples of the somatic nervous system?

A

The feeling of the skin, or ache when sick, muscle tears, broken bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is an example of the sensory portion of the autonomic nervous system?

A

Stomach ache when eating a big meal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are Nerve Fibers?

A

Axons of neurons in the PNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is a Nerve?

A

A collection of axons in the PNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are Ganglia?

A

A collection of cell bodies in the PNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the functions of the PNS?

A

•Carries sensory information from receptors to CNS
•Carries motor commands from the CNS to peripheral tissues and systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What does the Afferent division of the PNS do?

A

Carries sensory information from receptors to CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What does the Efferent division of the PNS do?

A

Carries motor commands from the CNS to peripheral tissues and systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What does Somatic Sensory include?

A

•Skin
•Nervous tissue under the skin
•Sensory fibres in muscle and bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What does Autonomic Sensory include?

A

Only sensations when something is wrong
•Pain
•Ischemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What kind of matter is on the outer portion of the brain?

A

Grey matter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What kind of matter is the inner portion of the brain made of?

A

White matter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Why is the inner part of the brain made of white matter?

A

Because these are the axons of the neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What does grey matter indicate?

A

That neuronal cell bodies are present

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Where are all the neuronal cell bodies in the brain located?

A

The outer part

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What does white matter present indicate?

A

Axons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What is a Nucleus?

A

A collection of cell bodies in the CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What is the difference between a Nucleus and a Ganglia?

A

•A collection of cell bodies in the CNS is a Nucleus
•A collection of cell bodies in the PNS is a Ganglia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What is a Tract?

A

A bundle of axons in the CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What is the difference between a Tract and a Nerve?

A

•A Tract is a collection of axons in the CNS
•A Nerve is a collection of axons in the PNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

How many layers are in the outer grey matter of the brain?

A

6 layers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Who was the father of neuroscience?

A

Ramon y Cajal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What do all neurons have?

A

•Cell body
•Dendrite (cytoplasmic processes)
•Axon Hillock

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What do dendrites do?

A

Receives signals from other neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What does the axon hillock do?

A

Elicits the action potential

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Which neurons are always myelinated?

A

Motor neurons

41
Q

Why does the sensory neuron look different than the cortical and motor neurons?

A

•Doesn’t have a dendrite
•Has two axons

42
Q

Where is the cell body for all sensory neurons located?

A

In the PNS in Ganglia

43
Q

What do sensory neurons lack?

A

Dendrites

44
Q

Which neurons have dendrites?

A

•Cortical Neurons
•Motor neurons

45
Q

Where are Purkinje neurons found?

A

In the cerebellum

46
Q

What is the functional unit in the nervous system?

A

The neurons

47
Q

What is the function of the Neuron?

A

Transmit information to other cells

48
Q

What is the Electrical signalling of a neuron?

A

Neurotransmission via action potential

49
Q

What is the chemical signalling of a neuron?

A

Synthesis, transport and release of neurotransmitters at the synaptic terminal

50
Q

What is a Synapse?

A

A point of contact of an axon terminal with another nerve or target cell

51
Q

What is the function of a Synapse?

A

Transmits nerve impulses via chemical neurotransmitters

52
Q

In what direction do nerve impulses flow?

A

Unidirectional

53
Q

What do motor neurons synapse on?

A

Muscle and glands

54
Q

Where are the cell bodies of somatic motor neurons found?

A

In the spinal cord

55
Q

What neurotransmitter do somatic motor neurons release?

A

Acetylcholine

56
Q

What are the two classes of cells in the nervous system?

A

•Neurons
•Neuroglial cells

57
Q

What do Neuroglial cells do?

A

•Support and protect neurons
•Form the connective tissue of the nervous system
•Signal to each other and other neurons

58
Q

What are the Glial cells found in the PNS?

A

•Schwann cells (myelin)
•Satellite cells

59
Q

What are the Glial cells found in the CNS?

A

•Oligodendrocytes (myelin)
•Astrocytes
•Microglia
•Ependymal cells

60
Q

Which glial cells form the Myelin in the PNS and CNS?

A

•PNS - Schwann cells
•CNS - Oligodendrocytes

61
Q

What does Myelination help with?

A

Rapid transmission of nerve impulses

62
Q

What is the Myelin sheath?

A

Plasma membrane with specialization to it

63
Q

What do Satellite cells do?

A

•Surround sensory neurons in dorsal root ganglion (DRG)
•Regulates O2, CO2 and neurotransmitters

64
Q

What do satellite cells surround?

A

Sensory neurons in the DRG

65
Q

What do Schwann cells do?

A

•Surround all sensory neurons
•Myelinate peripheral axons
•Provides support for unmyelinated axons (remark bundles)
•Participate in regeneration

66
Q

What do Schwann cells surround?

A

All sensory neurons

67
Q

Where are the motor neuron cells bodies always located?

A

In the ventral horn of the spinal cord

68
Q

Where are somatic motor neuron cell bodies always found?

A

In the ventral horn of the spinal cord

69
Q

What are motor neurons myelinated by?

A

They are first myelinated by oligodendrocytes in the spinal cord then by Schwann cells in the PNS

70
Q

What do Oligodendrocytes do?

A

•Myelinate CNS axons
•Provide structural framework

71
Q

What do Astrocytes do?

A

•Maintain BBB
•Regulate ion, nutrient, dissolved gas concentration
•Absorb and recycle neurotransmitters
•Forms glial scar after injury

72
Q

What do Microglia do?

A

•Remove cell debris, wastes and pathogen by phagocytosis

73
Q

What myelinates CNS axons?

A

Oligodendrocytes

74
Q

What happens if you lose one oligodendrocyte?

A

Because they myelinate so many neurons in the CNS there will be more effects than losing a Schwann cell

75
Q

What cells maintain the BBB?

A

Astrocytes

76
Q

What cells absorb and recycle neurotransmitters?

A

Astrocytes

77
Q

What cells form glial scars after injury?

A

Astrocytes

78
Q

What is the downside of Astrocytes?

A

They remain after injury and form scarring and prevent neurons from trying to regrow

79
Q

What are the Macrophages of the brain?

A

Microglia

80
Q

What do Ependymal cells do?

A

•Line ventricles (brain) and the central canal (spinal cord)
•Help produce, circulate and monitor cerebrospinal fluid

81
Q

Where are Sensory neuronal cell bodies located?

A

In ganglia in the PNS

82
Q

What is white matter?

A

Aggregates of myelinated fibres

83
Q

What is Grey matter?

A

Collections of neuronal cell bodies, dendrite and unmyelinated axons

84
Q

Why does grey matter look grey?

A

Because it lacks myelin

85
Q

What is the distribution of grey and white matter in the brain?

A

The grey is on the outside, and the white is on the inside

86
Q

What is the distribution of grey and white matter in the Spinal Cord?

A

White on the outside and grey on the inside

87
Q

How can you tell which is the dorsal and ventral side of a spinal cord?

A

The ventral portion will not have grey matter touch the outside but the dorsal will

88
Q

Which part of the spinal cord are the motor neuronal cell bodies?

A

In the ventral part of the spinal cord

89
Q

Which part of the spinal cord do sensory axons enter?

A

The dorsal part

90
Q

What are the three layers of a nerve?

A

•Epineurium (outermost)
•Perineurium
•Endoneurium (innermost)

91
Q

What is the outermost layer of a nerve?

A

The epineurium

92
Q

What is the middle layer of a nerve?

A

Perineurium

93
Q

What is the innermost layer of a nerve?

A

Endoneurium

94
Q

What do large diameter sensory neurons sense?

A

•Touch, pressure
•Vibration

95
Q

What do small diameter sensory neurons sense?

A

Pain and temperature

96
Q

Which is faster large or small diameter axons and why?

A

Large are faster because they are heavily myelinated

97
Q

What are Dorsal Root Ganglia?

A

The cell bodies of primary sensory neurons

98
Q

What kind of neurons are in the Dorsal Root Ganglia?

A

Pseudounipolar neurons

99
Q

What are the cell bodies in the Dorsal Root Ganglia surrounded by?

A

Satellite cells

Neuro 3 (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions