Lecture 9 - reproductive system development

Question 1

from which embryological germ layer is the reproductive system derived

Answer 1

intermediate mesoderm

Question 2

the intermediate mesoderm swells to form the

Answer 2

urogenital ridge

Question 3

urogenital ridge differentiates into

Answer 3

genital ridge and nephrogenic cord/ridge

Question 4

outline the migratory oath that the primordial germ cells take to reach the genital (gonadal) ridges

Answer 4

wall of yolk sac > dorsal mesentery > gonadal ridge

Question 5

which week does the primordial germ cells reach the gonadal ridge

Answer 5

6-7 week

Question 6

genetic sex of an individual determined at

Answer 6

fertilization

Question 7

gonad development begins with a __ stage

Answer 7

indifferent stage

Question 8

gonads do not begin to acquire specific morphological characteristics (male/female) until the __ week

Answer 8

7th week

Question 9

what are the two ducts shared by male/female genital systems during indifferent phase

Answer 9

mesonephric (Wolffian) duct
and paramesonephric (Mullerian) duct

Question 10

if embryo genetically male, primordial germ cells carry __ chromosome complex

Answer 10

XY

Question 11

Y chromosome house __ gene which encodes for tests-determining factor (TDF)

Answer 11

SRY

Question 12

the testis cords are composed of what two components

Answer 12

primitive germ cells and sertoli cells (sustentacular cells)

Question 13

sertoli cells produce what hormone

Answer 13

anti-mullerian hormone or mullerian inhibiting substance

Question 14

which hormone inhibits female genital ducts from forming

Answer 14

anti-mullerian hormone

Question 15

__ cells lie in between testis cords and produce testosterone

Answer 15

Leydig cells

Question 16

in male, most of __ duct persists, forming main genital ducts

Answer 16

mesonephric (wolffian) duct

Question 17

testosterone, produced by Leydig cells, stimulates __ to develop

Answer 17

genital ducts

Question 18

paramesonephric (mullerian) ducts degenerate under the influence of

Answer 18

AMH/MIS (anti-mullerian hormone)

Question 19

the testes develop __ in the abdomen

Answer 19

retroperitoneally

Question 20

which abdominal muscle does NOT contribute a layer covering the testis

Answer 20

transversus abdominis m.

Question 21

as the testis descends through inguinal ring, it gets covered by

Answer 21

processus vaginalis
- visceral and parietal layer of tunica vaginalis

transversalis fascia (internal spermatic fascia)

internal abdominal oblique muscle (cremasteric fascia and muscle)

external oblique muscle (external spermatic fascia

Question 22

as the testis descends through inguinal ring, it gets covered by ___,visceral and parietal layer of tunica vaginalis

Answer 22

processus vaginalis

Question 23

as the testis descends through inguinal ring, it gets covered by ___, internal spermatic fascia

Answer 23

transveralis fascia

Question 24

as the testis descends through inguinal ring, it gets covered by ___, cremasteric fascia and muscle

Answer 24

internal abdominal oblique m.

Question 25

as the testis descends through inguinal ring, it gets covered by ___, external spermatic fascia

Answer 25

external abdominal oblique muscle

Question 26

the surface epithelium in the developing ovary gives rise to second generation of cords known as the ___ cords

Answer 26

cortical cords

Question 27

eipthelial cells surrounding an oogonium are called

Answer 27

follicular cells

Question 28

oogonium + follicular cells =

Answer 28

primordial follicle

Question 29

which duct persists in the female

Answer 29

paramesonephric duct or Mullerian duct

Question 30

in the presence of estrogen and absence of testosterone and AMH, which ducts develop and which degenerate

Answer 30

paramesonephric (mullerian) ducts develop

mesonephric ducts degenerate

Question 31

paramesonephric ducts develop into

Answer 31

main female genital ducts
-uterine tube
uterine canal

Question 32

where does lower portion of vagina arise from

Answer 32

urogenital sinus

Question 33

paramesonephric ducts give rise to uterine tube and uterine canal, the uterine canal then forms into __,__,__

Answer 33

corpus of uterus
cervix
upper portion of vagina

Question 34

upper portion of vagina derived from uterine canal which is ___ germ layer

Answer 34

mesoderm

Question 35

lower portion of vagina derived from urogenital sinus which is __ germ layer

Answer 35

endoderm

Question 36

during 3rd week, mesenchymal cells from primitive streak migrate around cloacal membrane to form __ folds.
crainal to cloacal membrane, folds unit to form __

caudally, folds subdivide into __ and __

Answer 36

cloacal folds

genital tubercle

urethral folds and anal fold

Question 37

female, the elevations on each side of the urethral folds are the

Answer 37

genital swellings

Question 38

the elevations on each side of the urethra folds are the genital swellings, this will become ___(male) or ___(female)

Answer 38

scrotal swelling in male

labia majora in female

Question 39

do the urethral folds fuse or nah in the male

Answer 39

do fuse

Question 40

(male)end of 3rd month, the two urethral folds close over urethral plate forming

Answer 40

penile urethra

Question 41

in the female, genital tubercle elongates only slightly forming __

Answer 41

clitoris

Question 42

the urethral folds do not fuse in female, but develop into the

Answer 42

labia minora