Lecture 2 - Anterior Abdominal Wall

Question 1

The ___ spans from just under the diaphragm superiorly to the pelvic inlet inferiorly.

Answer 1

abdominal cavity

Question 2

organization of the abdomen wall

Answer 2

skin
camper’s Fascia (superficial fatty layer)
Scarpa’s fascia (membranous layer)

Question 3

layers of the muscular layer of abdomen wall

Answer 3

external oblique
internal oblique
transversus oblique

Question 4

what is deep to transvesus oblique muscle

Answer 4

transversalis fascia (endo-abdominal fascia)

Question 5

what is deep to transversalis fascia

Answer 5

extraperitoneal fat

Question 6

deepest later of abdomen wall

Answer 6

parietal peritoneum

Question 7

a tendious like sheet

Answer 7

aponeurosis

Question 8

in the midline of the anterior abdomen wall we have __ which is the median plane attachment point of all these connective tissues

Answer 8

linea alba

Question 9

what muscle is on the midline or in between the obliques

Answer 9

rectus abdominis m.

Question 10

all connective tissues anterior and posterior to the abdominis rectus m

Answer 10

rectus sheath

Question 11

the rectus abdominis sheet separates into superior and inferior by ___, found between the umbilicus and pubic symphysis

Answer 11

arcuate line

Question 12

what give the “6 pack” look on the rectus abdominis

Answer 12

tendinous intersection

Question 13

Anterolaterally- 3 muscles with medial aponeurosis inserting onto linea alba (tendinous

Answer 13

external oblique
internal oblique
transversus abdominis

Question 14

Medially- Rectus abdominis muscle surrounded by the 3 layers of ___, called Rectus Sheath

Answer 14

aponeurosis

Question 15

what is superficial and deep to rectus abdominis SUPERIOR to arcuate line

Answer 15

superior (anterior) =external oblique and 1/2 of internal oblique

Deep (posterior)= 1/2 of internal oblique and transversus abdominins, as well as transversalis fascia and parietal peritoneum

Question 16

what is superficial and deep to rectus abdominis when you are INFERIOR of arcuate line

Answer 16

superficial (anterior) = external oblique, internal oblique, and transversus abdominis

deep (posterior) = transversalsis fascia and parietal peritoneum

Question 17

Infraumbilical peritoneal folds:
from urinary bladder to umbilicus
covers median umbilical ligament

Answer 17

median umbilical fold

Question 18

Infraumbilical peritoneal folds: covers medial umbilical ligaments
occluded portions of umbilical aa.

Answer 18

medial umbilical folds (2)

Question 19

Infraumbilical peritoneal folds: covers inferior epigastric vessels

Answer 19

lateral umbilical folds (2)

Question 20

All vessels run in ___ fat & fascia

Answer 20

superficial

Question 21

br. of femoral a.

supplies region of inguinal ligament

Answer 21

Circumflex Iliac a.

Question 22

br. of femoral a.

supplies abdomen inf. to umbilicus

Answer 22

Epigastric a.

Question 23

drains to femoral v.

drains region of inguinal ligament

Answer 23

Circumflex Iliac v.

Question 24

drains to femoral v.

drains abdomen inf. to umbilicus

Answer 24

Epigastric v.

Question 25

Br. of External Iliac Runs between IO & TA Supplies inferior lateral abdominal mm.

Answer 25

deep circumflex iliac a.

Question 26

Br. of External Iliac Enters posterior rectus sheath at arcuate line Supplies lower rectus abdominus mm. anastomoses with Sup. Epigastric

Answer 26

Inferior Epigastric a.

Question 27

Br. of Internal Thoracic (Mammary) Enters posterior rectus sheath lat. to sternum Supplies upper rectus abdominus mm. Anastomoses with Inf. Epigastric

Answer 27

superior epigastric a.

Question 28

Br. of Internal Thoracic (Mammary) Runs along costal cartilages Supplies upper abdominal mm. & diaphragm

Answer 28

musculophrenic a.

Question 29

nerves of the abdominal wall

Answer 29

Ventral rami of T7-L1 spinal nn.

Question 30

supply region above umbilicus

Answer 30

T7,T8,T9

Question 31

nerves supplies umbilical region

Answer 31

T10

Question 32

nerves supply region below umbilicus

Answer 32

T11, T12 & L1

Question 33

all nerves of the abdominal wall run between

Answer 33

Run between IO and TA mm.

Question 34

Injury to which nerves weakens the muscles in inguinal region

Answer 34

last 3 nn (T11 T12 and L1

Question 35

Inferior lateral abdominal region Superior to thigh Medial to ilium Lateral to pubic bone

Answer 35

inguinal region

Question 36

Area extends between the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) and the pubic tubercle.}

Answer 36

inguinal region

Question 37

Inguinal ligament, canal (male & female), superficial and deep rings of the inguinal canal, walls of the canal

Answer 37

inguinal region

Question 38

Folded inferior border of the EO aponeurosis | Extends from ASIS to pubic tubercle

Answer 38

inguinal ligament

Question 39

Obliquely set tunnel 3 to 5 cm long Traverses ant. abdominal wall Runs parallel & superior to inguinal ligament.

Answer 39

inguinal canal

Question 40

Contains spermatic cord & its contents | vas deferens, testicular nn & vessels, cremasteric m & fascia) & Ilioinguinal n. (L1

Answer 40

male inguinal canal

Question 41

Contains round ligament of uterus Ilioinguinal n. (L1)

Answer 41

female inguinal canal

Question 42

opening in EO aponeurosis | obvious triangular opening lateral to pubic tubercle

Answer 42

superficial inguinal canal ring

Question 43

opening in transversalis fascia | subtle piercing just lateral to inferior epigastric vessels

Answer 43

deep inguinal canal ring

Question 44

Inguinal Canal Walls: ___ = EO aponeurosis ____ = transversalis fascia & conjoint tendon fusion of IO, TA aponeuroses medially ___= IO & TA muscles (superior) ___ = inguinal ligament (inferior)

Answer 44

Anterior wall = EO aponeurosis Posterior wall = transversalis fascia & conjoint tendon fusion of IO, TA aponeuroses medially Roof = IO & TA muscles (superior) Floor = inguinal ligament (inferior)

Question 45

Outpouching of abdominal viscera within a sac

Answer 45

hernia

Question 46

Hernial sac composed of 3 layers

Answer 46

peritoneum, extraperitoneal fat & transversalis fascia

Question 47

90% of hernias occur in

Answer 47

inguinal region

Question 48

extends thru entire inguinal canal lateral to inferior epigastric vessels commonly enters scrotum or labia majora most common type of hernia (more in ♂ than ♀) usually from persistent processus vaginalis in ♂ (connects peritoneum with descended testis) referred to as canal of Nuck in ♀

Answer 48

Indirect Inguinal Hernia

Question 49

thru inguinal triangle (Hesselbach’s) inferior epigastric a., rectus abdominus m. & inguinal ligament emerges thru conjoint tendon by or at superficial ring medial to inferior epigastric vessels usually does not enter scrotum or labia majora more common in ♂ than ♀ usually associated with weakened abdominal wall

Answer 49

Direct Inguinal Hernia

Question 50

thru femoral ring & canal = medial compartment of sheath more common in ♀than ♂ (femoral ring is wider in♀)

Answer 50

femoral hernia

Question 51

thru umbilical ring most common in newborns more common in ♀ & obese individuals

Answer 51

umbilical hernia

Question 52

thru linea alba most common in over 40 usually assoc. with obesity

Answer 52

epigastric hernia