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Gross Anatomy - Unit 2 > Lecture 7 - Diaphragm, kidneys, and posterior ab wall > Flashcards

Lecture 7 - Diaphragm, kidneys, and posterior ab wall Flashcards

1
Q

what kind of plexus is the lumbar plexus?

A

somatic - (sensory and motor)

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2
Q

all fibers of diaphragm insert at

A

central tendon

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3
Q

when diaphragm is contracting what is the body doing

A

inspiration

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4
Q

innervation of diaphragm

A

phrenic nerve

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5
Q

phrenic nerves are passing through diaphragm from

A

thoracic cavity

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6
Q

phrenic nerve is coming from

A

ventral rami of cervical plexus of nerves (C3,C4,C4)

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7
Q

which nerves keep you breathing and alive

A

C3,C4,C5

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8
Q

phrenic nerve has both motor and sensory, and anatomizes with some intercostal sensory nerve at

A

periphery of diaphragm

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9
Q

the phrenic nerve is majority sensory or motor?

A

motor but has both

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10
Q

IVC passes through the diaphragm where

A

vena cava foramen T8

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11
Q

esophagus passes through diaphragm where

A

esophageal hiatus T10

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12
Q

Aorta passes through diaphragm where

A

aortic hiatus T12

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13
Q

arcuate ligaments or lumbocostal ligaments;

1; arches over aorta

2; arch over psoas mm

3; arch over quadratus lumborum mm.

A

1= 1 median arcuate lig.
arches over aorta

2= 2 medial arcuate ligs.
arch over psoas mm.

3= 2 lateral arcuate ligs.
arch over quadratus lumborum mm.

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14
Q

supply superior surface of diaphragm:

A

pericardiacophrenic and superior phrenic aa.

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15
Q

branch of internal thoracis aa that supplies superior surface of diaphragm

A

pericardiacophrenic aa

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16
Q

branch off aorta in thoracic cavity that supplies superior surface of diaphragm

A

superior phrenic aa

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17
Q

supply inferior surface of diaphragm

A

inferior phrenic aa (paired)

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18
Q

first paired branches of arteries off the abdominal aorta

A

paired inferior phrenic aa

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19
Q

supply periphery of diaphragm ( branch off what)

A

musculophrenic aa branch of internal thoracic a.

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20
Q

venous drainage is same name as artiers that supply diaphragm and dump into

A

IVC

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21
Q

paired organs but not symmetrically arranged

A

kidneys

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22
Q

where is superior pole of left kidney found

A

11th rib

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23
Q

where is superior pole of right kidney found

A

12th rib, right is a little more inferior

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24
Q

kidney’s are encapsulated by

A

perirenal fat and renal fascia

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25
Q

kidneys __ from pelvis during development

A

ascend

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26
Q

if kidneys do not develop correctly and remain in pelvic

A

ectopic pelvic

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27
Q

when the two kidney’s look like they are connected and get caught below __

A

horseshoe, IMA

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28
Q

transplanted kidneys are placed where

A

in lower abdomen

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29
Q

another name of adrenal glands

A

suprarenal glands because sit right on top of kidneys

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30
Q

enter and exit point of organs

A

hylum

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31
Q

fat of kidney that is outside renal fascia

A

paranephric fat

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32
Q

fat of the kidney that is inside the renal fascia

A

perinephric fat

33
Q

function of kidneys

A

filtration of blood plasma

34
Q

outer most layer of kidney

A

fibrous capsule

35
Q

outer 1/3 of kidney

A

renal cortex

36
Q

inner 2/3 of kidney

A

renal medulla

37
Q

renal medulla contains

A

renal pyramids and columns

38
Q

at the base of the renal pyramid we have __, for collecting and excreting filtrate

A

renal papillae

39
Q

after renal papillae, minor calyces join to form ___,

A

major calyces

40
Q

a couple major calyces of liver join together to form

A

renal pelvis which then goes to ureter

41
Q

anterior to posterior we have an organization leave the kidney

A

vein, artery, ureter

42
Q

between right and left kidneys we have

A

IVC and aorta

43
Q

which is shorter, right or left renal vein?

A

right is shorter

44
Q

which is shorter right or left renal artery

A

left is shorter

45
Q

drainage of kidney: __receive urine at tips of pyramids then what

A 
Renal papillae = receive (urine)
	at tips/apex of pyramids 
to Minor Calyces
to Major Calyces
to Renal pelvis
to Ureter
to Urinary bladder
to Urethra
46
Q

ureters are what kind of peritoneal

A

retro

47
Q

ureter arteries arise from 3-4 sources

A

renal a

testicular or ovarian a.

abdominal aorta or common iliac a.

internal iliac a.

48
Q

allows visualization of the ureters and bladder (clinical note)

A

Intravenous urogram

- patient is injected with iodinated medium

49
Q

pain area of cutaneous innervation from Calculi (kidney stones)

A

rhythmic pain occurs as the kidney stone moves along, most pain is at T11-12

50
Q

why is the right kidney a little lower than left

A

because of liver

51
Q

roughly triangular, lies superior to right kidney and posterior to IVC

A

right adrenal or right suprarenal gland

52
Q

semilunar shape, lies supermedial to left kidney near hilum

A

left adrenal or left suprarenal gland

53
Q

gross features of adrenal (suprarenal) glands

A

fibrous capsule

adrenal cortex

adrenal medulla

54
Q

outer layer of adrenal gland that produces adrenal steroids

A

adrenal cortex

has 3 zones

55
Q

inner portion of adrenal glands that acts as sympathetic ganglion (modified neuronal cells)

A

adrenal medulla

56
Q

modified neuronal cells of the adrenal medulla

A

chromaffin cells

57
Q

adrenal gland is richly vascularized due to

A

endocrine function

58
Q

suprarenal or adrenal gland blood supply - 3 sources

A

superior suprarenal aa (6-8) off inferior phrenic aa

middle suprarenal a (1) off the abdominal aa

inferior suprarenal aa(1) of the renal artery

59
Q

the deepest muscle of the anterior abdominal wall

A

transversus abdominis m.

60
Q

transversus abdominus m. , quadratus lumborum m., Psoas major m, iliacus m , psoas minor m, diaphragm

these muscles are located where

A

posterior abdominal wall

61
Q

arterial supply of posterior wall

A

lumbar aa ( 4 pairs) branch of abdomen aorta

62
Q

aorta bifurcation happens at what vertebral level

A

L4

63
Q

usually the level of the umbilicus

A

L4

64
Q

nerves of the posterior wall

A

ventral rami T12-L4

and lumbar plexus

65
Q

subcostal nerve level

A

T12

66
Q

iliohypogastric nerve level

A

L1

67
Q

Supplies sensory to ant./lat. abd. wall

Supplies motor to abdominal mm.: EO, IO, TA, pyramidalis, RA, QL

A

subcostal nerve

68
Q

ilioinguinal nerve level

A

L1

69
Q

Can arise from common trunk
descend ant. to QL:

_1_supplies skin of suprapubic region

2 runs thru inguinal call to supply it

Both also supply abd. mm.

A

1 Iliohypogastric n.

2 Ilioinguinal n.

70
Q

genitofemoral n level

A

L1-L2

71
Q

Pierces psoas major m.
descends along ant. surface
Splits to femoral br. & genital br.
Supplies skin inf. & med. to inguinal ligament
Supplies cremaster m. (of spermatic cord)

A

genitofemoral n

72
Q

lateral femoral cutaneous n level

A

L2-L3

73
Q

Descends ant. to iliacus m.
Passes deep to inguinal ring
Inferior to ASIS
Supplies ant./lat. skin of thigh

A

lateral femoral cutaneous

74
Q

femoral n level

A

L2-L4

75
Q

Runs between iliacus & psoas major mm.
Passes deep to inguinal ligament
Inferior to ASIS
Supplies sensory & motor to anterior thigh

A

femoral n

76
Q

obturator n level

A

L2-L4

77
Q

Runs medial to psoas major mm.
Passes thru obturator foramen
Supplies sensory & motor to medial thigh

A

obturator n.

78
Q

lumboscaral trunk n level

A

L4-L5

79
Q

Large n. trunk crosses over ala of sacrum
Descends into pelvis to help form sacral plexus and sciatic nerve
Provides general contributions to both plexuses

A

lumbosacral trunk n

Gross Anatomy - Unit 2 (16 decks)

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