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Gross Anatomy - Unit 2 > Lecture 6 - Digestive System II > Flashcards

Lecture 6 - Digestive System II Flashcards

1
Q

how many parts of the small intestine and what are they

A
  1. ) duodenum
  2. )Jejunum
  3. )Ileum
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2
Q 
Long length (10ft living/21ft cadaver)
Plicae circulares (submucosa core)
Villi (fingerlike projections of mucosa)
Microvilli (projections of apical membrane of intestinal absorptive cells; striated border)
A

Small intestine

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3
Q 
Epithelium: Simple columnar epithelium
Absorptive cells (enterocytes)
Goblet cells
Crypts of Lieberkühn (Intestinal Glands)
Tubular glands
Paneth cells
Enteroendocrine cells
Stem cells
A

mucosa of small intestine

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4
Q

Small Intestine – Wall Modifications
Mucosa
Epithelium:

A

Simple Columnar epithelium
Absorptive cells (enterocytes)
Goblet cells

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5
Q

Small Intestine – Wall Modifications

Mucosa Crypts of Lieberkühn

A

Tubular glands
Paneth cells
Enteroendocrine cells
Stem cells

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6
Q

Duodenum – Brunner’s glands (produce alkaline mucous)

A

submucosa

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7
Q

Muscularis Externa

Two Layers in small intestine what are they

A

outer longitudinal and inner circular

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8
Q

most outer layer of small intestine wall

A

serosa or adventitia

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9
Q

25cm in length and begins at the pyloric spinchter of stomach, smallest component of the small intestine

A

duodenum

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10
Q

second part of small intestine, about 2.5 meters in length

A

jejunum

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11
Q

the longest part of the small intestine, 3.5 meters in length (last part)

A

ileum

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12
Q

where does the ileum and the cecum from large intestine meet

A

ileocecal value - limits reflux

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13
Q

what kind of muscle is in the ileocecal value

A

innercircular smooth muscle

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14
Q

permanent circular folds of the jejunum - with submucosa folds

A

plicae circulares

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15
Q

fingerlike projections of muscosa, core of lamina propria- to increase surface area

A

villi

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16
Q

core of actin, projections of apical membrane of intestinal absorptive cells, create striated border

A

microvilli

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17
Q

core of villi

A

lamina propria

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18
Q

core of microvilli

A

actin

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19
Q

absorptive cells in the small intestine - have microvilli - and have secrection cells to finish off the 4 macromolecules

A

enterocytes

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20
Q

the number of ___ cells increases as you move distally along the small intestine

A

goblet cells

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21
Q

tubular glands between villi of small intestine

A

crypts of lieberkuhn

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22
Q

exocrine cells, large eosinophillic in their cytoplasm and secret lysomzyme

A

paneth cells

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23
Q

cells able to produce hormones to regulate GI tract

A

enteroendocrine cells

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24
Q

where do we find brunner’s glands(produce alkaline mucous to neutralize chyme)

A

duodenum

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25
Q

jejunum and ileum are covered by

A

serosa

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26
Q

retroperitunem and parts of the duodenum are surrounded by

A

adventitia

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27
Q

glands do not pass ___in the small intestine

A

muscularis mucosa

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28
Q

lymphatic capillary that absorbs dietary fats in the villi of the small intestine

A

lacteal

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29
Q

In the ileum, groups of lymphatic nodules are present in the lamina propria and submucosa. These aggregated lymphatic follicles are referred to as ___,

A

peyer’s patch

30
Q

specialized epithelial cells in ileum overlying Peyer’s patches.

A

M cells

31
Q

area for reabsorption of electrolytes and water

A

large intestine

32
Q

important for the formation of feces

A

large intestine

33
Q

how do we know we are looking at large intestine

A 
No plicae circulares and no villi
Teniae coli
Haustra
Omental appendages
Anal columns
34
Q

outer longitudinal smooth muscle group into bands on the surface of large intestine

A

teniae coli

35
Q

small pouches caused by sacculation (sac formation), which give the colon its segmented appearance

A

haustra

36
Q

small fatty projections of serosa on the large intestine

A

omental appendages or epiploic appendages

37
Q

group of cells missing in the large intestine of mucosa

A

no paneth cells because we wont bacteria

38
Q

absorptive cells in the large intestine mucosa

A

colonocytes

39
Q

in large intestine the outer longitudinal layers group together in all areas except ___,___,____

A

rectum, anal canal, appendix

40
Q 
Mucosa
Epithelium: Simple columnar epithelium
Crypts of Lieberkühn (Intestinal Glands)
Tubular glands
Absorptive cells (colonocytes)
Goblet cells
Enteroendocrine cells
Stem cells
Lamina propria – lymphoid cells and lymphoid nodules 
Submucosa
Muscularis Externa
Two Layers
Teniae coli (outer longitudinal)
Serosa or Adventitia
A

large intestine wall

41
Q

throughout most of large intestine you should not see glands in the ___, except for one location =

A

submucosa

anal canal will have some mucous glands in the submucosa

42
Q

a place where the lympathetic nodules like to hangout in the large intestine - hanging off the cecum - small irregular lumen

A

vermiform appendix

43
Q

in the appendix there is no___ but a lot of __

A

tenia coli

lymphatetic nodules -

44
Q

the most distal portion of the alimentary canal

A

anal canal

45
Q

dilated distal portion of the tract with a lot of goblet cells, about 4 cm in length

A

rectum

46
Q

anal canal is divided into 3 zones based on

A

epithelium lining

47
Q

3 zones of anal canal:
_1___ = superior 1/3 simple columnar epithelium

___2__ = middle 1/3, mixed of simple columnar, stratified columnar (or cuboidal), and stratified squamous

__3__= inferior 1/3, non-keratinized stratified squamous eipthelium, and at the distal end is another mucocutaneous junction , cells are much thicker (skin)

A

1= colorectal zone

2= anal transitional zone(ATZ)

3= squamous zone

48
Q

in the anal canal you know you hit the anal transitional zone when ___ disappears

A

muscularis mucosea

49
Q

associated digestive organs : out growths of the epithelium, located outside of the GI tract, connected via ___

A

pancreas, liver, gallbaldder

connected to Gi tract via ducts
specifically the jejunum

50
Q

elongated gland, head portion lies in the C portion of the duodenum, body, and tail points toward the

A

pancreas

hylem of the spleen

51
Q

pancreas: 98-99% functions as ___(compound acinar gland - for digestive system

1-2% functions as an __ gland(islets of langerhans) - for endocrine system

A

98-99% functions as exocrine gland (compound acinar gland)

1-2% functions as an endocrine gland (Islets of Langerhans)

52
Q

pancreas exocrine cells that synthesize and secret enzymes that are going to lead to __ for digestion, also secret __ to help buffer the chyme

A

duodenum of small intestine

*enzymes are inactive form until it reaches small intestine

sodium bicarbonate to buffer chyme(pancreatic juice)

53
Q

formed by the union of the pancreatic duct and the common bile duct. The ampulla is specifically located at the major duodenal papilla

A

hepatopancreatic duct

54
Q

produce the enzymes (proteins) of the pancreas

A

pancreatic acini

55
Q

endocrine part of pancreas responsible for the production of glucagon, insulin and other hormones

A

pancreatic islets aka islets of langerhans

56
Q

part of pancreatic acini, apical portion is full of ___, eosinophillic that contain inactive enzymes and released into the lumen of ___

A

zyomgen granules

intercalated duct

57
Q

secrete large volumes of sodium bicarbonate in pancreas

A

intercalated ducts

58
Q

there are no striated ducts in the

A

pancreas

59
Q

The liver receives blood from two sources:
__1__;25 % of blood, oxygenated blood

__2__; 75% of blood deoxygenated blood with newly absorbed nutrients, drugs, and possible microbes and toxins from the GI tract

A

1 = proper hepatic artery

2= hepatic portal vein

60
Q

Where oxygen, most of the nutrients, and certain toxic substances are taken up by the hepatocytes; also where hepatocytes’ products and stored nutrients are secreted back into the blood.

A

liver sinusoids

61
Q

the portal vein is draining the __, which is breaking down aged RBC - bilirubin (toxic)

A

spleen

62
Q

the main functional cell of the liver

A

hepatocyte

63
Q

the liver produces ___ that helps in the digestion of lipids

A

bile salts

64
Q

The largest cells lining the liver sinusoids are ____(stellate macrophages); phagocytotic; involved with the breakdown of some damaged or old RBCs that reach the liver from the spleen; derived from monocytes

A

Kupffer Cells

65
Q

___ have microvilli that extend into a perisinusoidal space (space of Disse) (i.e. the space between the endothelial cells and hepatocytes).

A

Hepatocytes

66
Q

(also known as Ito cells) are found in the perisinusoidal space; these cells store hepatic vitamin A.

A

hepatic stellate cells

67
Q

blood supply to the liver is a

A

portal triad

68
Q

a classic hepatic globule, how many sides and corners? what is located on the corners

A

6 sides and 6 corners

portal triad areas - on the corners

center is central vein

69
Q

a __ is going to be bringing blood into classic hepatic globule,

A

portal triad

70
Q

A portal triad consists of;

__1__, an arteriole branch of the hepatic artery that supplies oxygen
__2___, , with blood rich in nutrients but low in oxygen
__3__ branches of the bile conducting system.

A

1 proper hepatic artery 25%

2 hepatic portal vein a venule branch of the portal vein 75%

3 one or two small bile ductules of cuboidal epithelium,

71
Q

can hold up to 30-50ml of bile, storage location for bile and concentrate it,

A

gallbladder

72
Q

__ (rokitansky aschoff sinuses) result of growth of epithelium and bacteria can get stuck here causing infections leading to gallstones

A

deep diverticula

Gross Anatomy - Unit 2 (16 decks)

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