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Gross Anatomy - Unit 2 > Lecture 4 - Lower Abdomen > Flashcards

Lecture 4 - Lower Abdomen Flashcards

1
Q

entrance into stomach from esophagus

A

cardiac oriface

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2
Q

exit to duodenum from stomach

A

pyloric sphincter

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3
Q

stomach is lined with___,temporary folds within the body of the stomach

A

rugae

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4
Q

rugae are a result of___

A

result of Muscularis Externa; churning movement

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5
Q

acts as a food blender and a reservoir

A

stomach

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6
Q

primary function of the stomach is

A

enzymatic digestion

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7
Q

gastric juices concery mass of food to a semiliquid mixture

A

chyme

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8
Q

Gastric folds = rugae; mostly longitudinal, contraction, reduces volume of stomach – controlled by

A

Auerbach’s plexus (myenteric plexus) – ANS, enteric NS

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9
Q

3 areas of the small intestine

A

duodenum
jejunum
ileum

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10
Q

small intestine; fixed and relatively immobile

A

duodenum

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11
Q

small intestine; tethered, but very mobile. combined length of 3 segments~20ft

A

jejunum and ileum

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12
Q

permanent folds within small intestine, become more diffuse distally

A

plicae circularis

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13
Q

__ empties into cecum at ileocecal junction

A

ileum

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14
Q

first part of the small intestine; widest portion, fixed and retroperitoneal except for superior part which is connected to the liver by

A

duodenum

connected to liver by hepatodoudenal ligament

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15
Q

arterial supply of the duodenum of the small intestine

A

arterial supply from gastroduodenal br. (common hepatic a - celiac) & br. of SMA

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16
Q

( clinical note)
remnant of embryonic yolk stalk

appears as a finger like pouch

located ~1 m proximal to ileocecal valve

May become inflamed & mimic appendicitis

A

Meckel”s (ileal) diverticulum

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17
Q

5 segments & 2 flexures
‘Frames’ small intestines

{Cecum, Ascending, Transverse, Descending, Sigmoid}

Terminates into Rectum

[R. colic (hepatic) & L. colic (splenic) flexures]

A

large intestine (colon)

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18
Q

opens into cecum inferior to ileocecal oriface; triangular mesentary =___.
commonly retrocecal, but varies considerably

A

veriform appendix

mesoappendix

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19
Q

(clinical note)
Vague pain begins in the periumbilical region
from afferent pain referred to T10 level

Severe pain later from R. lower quadrant
from irritation of peritoneum of posterior abdominal wall

Pain most severe over spinoumbilical point between the ASIS & umbilicus

A

appendicitis

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20
Q

umbilicus is are which vertebral level

A

L4

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21
Q

divides the abdominal cavity into two compartments

A

transverse mesocolon

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22
Q

compartment of the abdominal cavity separated by transverse mesocolon that contains stomach, liver, and spleen

A

supracolic compartment

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23
Q

compartment of the abdominal cavity separated by transverse mesocolon that contains small intestine and ascending/descending colon

A

infracolic compartment

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24
Q

Colon Specializations; 3 smooth muscle bands paralleling length of colon

A

teniae coli

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25
Colon Specializations; outpouchings produced by teniae coli
haustra coli
26
Colon Specializations; fat tags found along the colon
epiploic appendages
27
Arterial Supply of lower Abdomen
superior mesenteric artery (SMA)
28
second major branch of the abdominal aorta; 1cm inferior of celiac: sends 15-18 intestinal artery's to small intestine
superior mesenteric a.
29
SMA supplies up to ____, via ileocolic, right colic and middle colic, inferior pancreaticoduodenal
up to proximal 2/3 of transverse colon
30
Third major branch of the abdominal aorta; 5cm superior to aortic bifurcation
Inferior mesenteric a. (IMA)
31
Inferior mesenteric artery supplies ____, via left colic, sigmoid and superior rectal
colon from distal 1/3 of transverse colon
32
Anastomoses exist between colic branches of SMA & IMA for _____ circulation
collateral
33
SMA and IMA form a consistent vascular arc around colon via
marginal a. of Drummond
34
Pancreatic Arteries anastomoses; Gastroduodenal a. gives off ____ SMA gives off ____
Gastroduodenal a. gives off Superior pancreaticoduodenal aa. SMA gives off Inferior pancreaticoduodenal aa.
35
lateral branches of abdominal aorta (lateral to SMA) Enter hilum of each kidney to supply it sends off brs. to adrenal glands and ureters other adrenal branches from inferior phrenic aa & aorta
renal aa
36
``` lateral branches of abdominal aorta (inf. to renal aa.) Ovarian aa (♀)-crosses over ureters & iliac vessels descends to pelvis to supply ovaries ``` Testicular aa. (♂) crosses over ureters & enters inguinal canal descends into scrotum to supply testes
gonadal a.
37
portal venous system means that is must pass through __ via __before entering inferior vena cava
pass through liver via the hepatic v.
38
largest vein in body; begins at ___level at union of common iliac vv. returns poorly oxygenated blood from LL, most of the back, abdominal wall, & abdominopelvic viscera to the RA of heart
Inferior vena cava L5
39
Formed by union of splenic and superior mesenteric vv. (L2)
portal vein
40
Returns nutrient rich, poorly oxygenated blood to the liver | Then via IVC to the RA of heart
portal vein
41
``` Venous return from: Spleen Pancreas Gall bladder Abdominal gastrointestinal tract ```
portal vein
42
4 anastomoses: portal & caval vv
gastric vv & esophageal vv (1) paraumbilical vv & epigastric vv (3) superior rectal vv & middle/inferior rectal vv (2) colic vv & retroperitoneal vv (4)
43
__system has no valves
Portal venous system
44
reversal of blood flow into ____ is possible
caval vv
45
distended and engorged paraumbilical vv. (often resulting from cirrhosis)
Caput medusae
46
Dilated espophageal vv produce
esophageal varices
47
Dilated ____produce caput medusae
epigastric vv.
48
Dilated infr. & mid. rectal vv produce
hemorrhoids
49
Innervation to abdomen viscera is via
autonomic n. plexus
50
___ fibers originate from T5-T12_L2 (thoracolumbar
sympathetic fibers
51
__ fibers originate from CN X and S2-4 (craniosacral)
Parasympathetic fibers
52
(vertebral level) esophageal and cardiac stomach that start in abdominal cavity
T5
53
sympathetics of abdomen; | preganglionic splanchnic n. synapse in
collateral ganglia
54
sympathetics of abdomen; | postganglionic fibers leave ganglia to
reach effector organs
55
post-synaptic fibers travel on
all main arterial branches. | celiac trunk, SMA, renal aa, IMA and all their branches
56
4 options once sympathetic presynaptic fiber enters the chain:
``` Ascend then synapse Synapse at level of exit Descend then synapse Pass through without synapsing Splanchnic nerves ```
57
preganglionic sympathetics: ____communicates to anterior and posterior rami of all spinal nerves for distribution to body walls and limbs (vasomotion, sudomotion, and pilomotion)
gray rami
58
where does the greater splanchnic nerve synapse?
celiac ganglion
59
where is the celiac ganglion (greater splanchnic nerve synapses at the celiac ganglion)
T5-T9
60
where does the lesser splanchnic nerve synapse
SMA ganglion (T10 and T11)
61
where does the least splanchnic nerve synapse
aorticorenal ganglion(T12)
62
where does lumbar splanchnic nerve synapse
IMA ganglion(L1 and L2)
63
what is a plexus
lots of nerve fibers/axons coming together
64
another name for parasympathetics
craniosacral
65
what does vagus nerve supply
foregut and midgut derivatives
66
where does the vagus nerve stop innervating
proximal 2/3 of transverse colon (end of midgut)
67
where do you find parasympathetics postganglionic fibers
in the walls of the organs they innervate
68
autonomic ganglia; receive thoracic splanchnic nn & CN X brs
celiac ganglion SMA ganglion Aorticorenal ganglion
69
receives lumbar splanchnic n. and S2-S4 brs
IMA ganglion

Gross Anatomy - Unit 2 (16 decks)

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