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Gross Anatomy - Unit 2 > Lecture 4 - Lower Abdomen > Flashcards

Lecture 4 - Lower Abdomen Flashcards

1
Q

entrance into stomach from esophagus

A

cardiac oriface

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2
Q

exit to duodenum from stomach

A

pyloric sphincter

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3
Q

stomach is lined with___,temporary folds within the body of the stomach

A

rugae

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4
Q

rugae are a result of___

A

result of Muscularis Externa; churning movement

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5
Q

acts as a food blender and a reservoir

A

stomach

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6
Q

primary function of the stomach is

A

enzymatic digestion

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7
Q

gastric juices concery mass of food to a semiliquid mixture

A

chyme

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8
Q

Gastric folds = rugae; mostly longitudinal, contraction, reduces volume of stomach – controlled by

A

Auerbach’s plexus (myenteric plexus) – ANS, enteric NS

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9
Q

3 areas of the small intestine

A

duodenum
jejunum
ileum

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10
Q

small intestine; fixed and relatively immobile

A

duodenum

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11
Q

small intestine; tethered, but very mobile. combined length of 3 segments~20ft

A

jejunum and ileum

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12
Q

permanent folds within small intestine, become more diffuse distally

A

plicae circularis

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13
Q

__ empties into cecum at ileocecal junction

A

ileum

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14
Q

first part of the small intestine; widest portion, fixed and retroperitoneal except for superior part which is connected to the liver by

A

duodenum

connected to liver by hepatodoudenal ligament

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15
Q

arterial supply of the duodenum of the small intestine

A

arterial supply from gastroduodenal br. (common hepatic a - celiac) & br. of SMA

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16
Q

( clinical note)
remnant of embryonic yolk stalk

appears as a finger like pouch

located ~1 m proximal to ileocecal valve

May become inflamed & mimic appendicitis

A

Meckel”s (ileal) diverticulum

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17
Q

5 segments & 2 flexures
‘Frames’ small intestines

{Cecum, Ascending, Transverse, Descending, Sigmoid}

Terminates into Rectum

[R. colic (hepatic) & L. colic (splenic) flexures]

A

large intestine (colon)

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18
Q

opens into cecum inferior to ileocecal oriface; triangular mesentary =___.
commonly retrocecal, but varies considerably

A

veriform appendix

mesoappendix

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19
Q

(clinical note)
Vague pain begins in the periumbilical region
from afferent pain referred to T10 level

Severe pain later from R. lower quadrant
from irritation of peritoneum of posterior abdominal wall

Pain most severe over spinoumbilical point between the ASIS & umbilicus

A

appendicitis

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20
Q

umbilicus is are which vertebral level

A

L4

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21
Q

divides the abdominal cavity into two compartments

A

transverse mesocolon

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22
Q

compartment of the abdominal cavity separated by transverse mesocolon that contains stomach, liver, and spleen

A

supracolic compartment

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23
Q

compartment of the abdominal cavity separated by transverse mesocolon that contains small intestine and ascending/descending colon

A

infracolic compartment

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24
Q

Colon Specializations; 3 smooth muscle bands paralleling length of colon

A

teniae coli

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25
Q

Colon Specializations; outpouchings produced by teniae coli

A

haustra coli

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26
Q

Colon Specializations; fat tags found along the colon

A

epiploic appendages

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27
Q

Arterial Supply of lower Abdomen

A

superior mesenteric artery (SMA)

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28
Q

second major branch of the abdominal aorta; 1cm inferior of celiac: sends 15-18 intestinal artery’s to small intestine

A

superior mesenteric a.

29
Q

SMA supplies up to ____, via ileocolic, right colic and middle colic, inferior pancreaticoduodenal

A

up to proximal 2/3 of transverse colon

30
Q

Third major branch of the abdominal aorta; 5cm superior to aortic bifurcation

A

Inferior mesenteric a. (IMA)

31
Q

Inferior mesenteric artery supplies ____, via left colic, sigmoid and superior rectal

A

colon from distal 1/3 of transverse colon

32
Q

Anastomoses exist between colic branches of SMA & IMA for _____ circulation

A

collateral

33
Q

SMA and IMA form a consistent vascular arc around colon via

A

marginal a. of Drummond

34
Q

Pancreatic Arteries anastomoses;
Gastroduodenal a. gives off ____
SMA gives off ____

A

Gastroduodenal a. gives off Superior pancreaticoduodenal aa.

SMA gives off Inferior pancreaticoduodenal aa.

35
Q

lateral branches of abdominal aorta (lateral to SMA)
Enter hilum of each kidney to supply it
sends off brs. to adrenal glands and ureters

other adrenal branches from inferior phrenic aa & aorta

A

renal aa

36
Q 
lateral branches of abdominal aorta (inf. to renal aa.)
Ovarian aa (♀)-crosses over ureters & iliac vessels
descends to pelvis to supply ovaries

Testicular aa. (♂)
crosses over ureters & enters inguinal canal
descends into scrotum to supply testes

A

gonadal a.

37
Q

portal venous system means that is must pass through __ via __before entering inferior vena cava

A

pass through liver via the hepatic v.

38
Q

largest vein in body;
begins at ___level
at union of common iliac vv.

returns poorly oxygenated blood from LL, most of the back, abdominal wall, & abdominopelvic viscera
to the RA of heart

A

Inferior vena cava

L5

39
Q

Formed by union of splenic and superior mesenteric vv. (L2)

A

portal vein

40
Q

Returns nutrient rich, poorly oxygenated blood to the liver

Then via IVC to the RA of heart

A

portal vein

41
Q 
Venous return from:
Spleen
Pancreas
Gall bladder
Abdominal gastrointestinal tract
A

portal vein

42
Q

4 anastomoses: portal & caval vv

A

gastric vv & esophageal vv (1)

paraumbilical vv & epigastric vv (3)

superior rectal vv & middle/inferior rectal vv (2)

colic vv & retroperitoneal vv (4)

43
Q

__system has no valves

A

Portal venous system

44
Q

reversal of blood flow into ____ is possible

A

caval vv

45
Q

distended and engorged paraumbilical vv. (often resulting from cirrhosis)

A

Caput medusae

46
Q

Dilated espophageal vv produce

A

esophageal varices

47
Q

Dilated ____produce caput medusae

A

epigastric vv.

48
Q

Dilated infr. & mid. rectal vv produce

A

hemorrhoids

49
Q

Innervation to abdomen viscera is via

A

autonomic n. plexus

50
Q

___ fibers originate from T5-T12_L2 (thoracolumbar

A

sympathetic fibers

51
Q

__ fibers originate from CN X and S2-4 (craniosacral)

A

Parasympathetic fibers

52
Q

(vertebral level) esophageal and cardiac stomach that start in abdominal cavity

A

T5

53
Q

sympathetics of abdomen;

preganglionic splanchnic n. synapse in

A

collateral ganglia

54
Q

sympathetics of abdomen;

postganglionic fibers leave ganglia to

A

reach effector organs

55
Q

post-synaptic fibers travel on

A

all main arterial branches.

celiac trunk, SMA, renal aa, IMA and all their branches

56
Q

4 options once sympathetic presynaptic fiber enters the chain:

A 
Ascend then synapse
Synapse at level of exit
Descend then synapse
Pass through without synapsing
Splanchnic nerves
57
Q

preganglionic sympathetics:
____communicates to anterior and posterior rami of all spinal nerves for distribution to body walls and limbs (vasomotion, sudomotion, and pilomotion)

A

gray rami

58
Q

where does the greater splanchnic nerve synapse?

A

celiac ganglion

59
Q

where is the celiac ganglion (greater splanchnic nerve synapses at the celiac ganglion)

A

T5-T9

60
Q

where does the lesser splanchnic nerve synapse

A

SMA ganglion (T10 and T11)

61
Q

where does the least splanchnic nerve synapse

A

aorticorenal ganglion(T12)

62
Q

where does lumbar splanchnic nerve synapse

A

IMA ganglion(L1 and L2)

63
Q

what is a plexus

A

lots of nerve fibers/axons coming together

64
Q

another name for parasympathetics

A

craniosacral

65
Q

what does vagus nerve supply

A

foregut and midgut derivatives

66
Q

where does the vagus nerve stop innervating

A

proximal 2/3 of transverse colon (end of midgut)

67
Q

where do you find parasympathetics postganglionic fibers

A

in the walls of the organs they innervate

68
Q

autonomic ganglia; receive thoracic splanchnic nn & CN X brs

A

celiac ganglion
SMA ganglion
Aorticorenal ganglion

69
Q

receives lumbar splanchnic n. and S2-S4 brs

A

IMA ganglion

Gross Anatomy - Unit 2 (16 decks)

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