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Gross Anatomy - Unit 2 > Lecture 5 - Digestive system I > Flashcards

Lecture 5 - Digestive system I Flashcards

1
Q

the digestive system consists of

A

the alimentary canal

and associated or accessory digestive organs

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2
Q

AKA gastrointestinal track - consists of the mouth, most of the pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine

A

the alimentary canal

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3
Q

consists of the tongue, teeth, salivary glands, pancreas, liver, and gallbladder

A

assocaited/accessory digestive organs

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4
Q

these organs come in direct contact with food and help to physically break it down

A

tongue, teeth

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5
Q

these organs produce or store secretions that will reach the digestive tract via ducts;never come in contact with food directly, secretions for chemical breakdown of food

A

salivary glands, pancreas, liver, gallbladder

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6
Q

a continuous hollow tube that varies in diameter from mouth to anus, about 9 meters or 30 feet in cadaver but shorter in living people

A

alimentary canal

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7
Q

things in stomach and alimentary canal are inside or outside of the body

A

outside - have to cross epithelial lining to be considered inside of the body

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8
Q

bringing in of food/liquid inside the mouth

A

ingestion

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9
Q

glands and cells of the GI tract ____ about 7 liters of water, HCL,etc.

A

secretion

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10
Q

moving food from one place to another, and helping physcially break down of food

A

mixing and propulsion

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11
Q

the physcial breakdown of food from large pieces to smaller, creates surface area

A

mechanical digestion

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12
Q

bonds are broken and enzymes are used to break down macromolecules to micromolecules

A

chemical digestion

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13
Q

moving broken down macromolecules across epithelium lining into the body

A

absorption

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14
Q

90% of absorption takes place ____

10% takes place

A

small intestine

large intestine/stomach

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15
Q

waste products and getting rid of undigested food

A

defecation of feces

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16
Q

GI tract selective against things crossing epithelium lining

A

barrier

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17
Q

Processes of GI tract- first line of defense

A

immunologic protection

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18
Q

also referred to as the oral or buccal cavity, is bound by the cheeks, hard and soft palates, tongue, and floor

A

the mouth

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19
Q

are fleshy folds that surround the opening of the mouth and contain the orbicularis oris muscle

A

lips or labia

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20
Q

the____ are the location of a mucocutaneous junction

A

lips

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21
Q

The oral cavity opens into the oropharynx through an opening called the

A

fauces

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22
Q

part of the oral cavity; between the lips and teeth and between the cheeks and teeth.

A

vestibule

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23
Q

part of the oral cavity; superior border is the hard and soft palates; inferior border is the tongue and floor of the mouth; the posterior border in the entrance into the oropharynx; all other borders are the teeth

A

oral cavity proper

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24
Q

99.5% water and 0.5% solutes

average secretion of 1000ml/day to 1500ml/day

A

saliva

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25
Q

Moisten oral mucosa
Moisten dry foods
Provide medium for food materials to dissolve so they can chemically stimulate taste buds
Buffer contents of oral cavity (bicarbonate and phosphate ions)
Contains amylase that partially breaks down starch (i.e. polysaccharide

A

saliva’s protective and digestive roles

26
Q

connects nasal and oral cavities to larynx and esophagus

passageway for food and air

A

pharynx

27
Q

has respiratory epithelium and some stratified squamous epithelium

A

pharynx

28
Q

the pharynx behind the nasal cavity and oral cavity are divided regionally into the ____(found posterior to the nasal cavity), the ______(posterior to oral cavity), and the _______ (begins at the level of the superior border of the upright epiglottis and opens into the esophagus and larynx).

A

nasopharynx
oropharynx
laryngopharynx

29
Q

ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium
air passageway only
superior to soft palate; when swallowing the soft palate and the uvula move superiorly to close off the nasopharynx.

A

nasopharynx

30
Q

nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium
air and food passageway
posterior to oral cavity; between level of soft palate to the epiglottis.

A

oropharynx

31
Q

nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium
air and food passageway
laryngopharynx is continuous with both the esophagus and the larynx; extends from an upright epiglottis to the larynx.

A

laryngopharynx

32
Q

wall structure of the alimentary canal from the lumen outward

A 
1.Mucosa
    ~Lining epithelium
      ~Lamina propria
       ~Muscularis mucosae
2.Submucosa
3.Muscularis externa
4.Serosa or Adventitia
33
Q

wall structure of the alimentary canal, Mucosa - lining epithelium -nonkeratinized stratifirf squamous epithelium?
Simple columnar epithelium

A

NKSSE - protective role

simple columnar - absorption and secretion

34
Q

wall structure of the alimentary canal, Mucosa - lamina propria,

A

loose connective tissues, GALT

35
Q

wall structure of the alimentary canal, Mucosa- muscularis musosae

A

smooth muscle tissue - contraction

36
Q

wall structure of the alimentary canal, Submuscoa

A

dense irregular connective tissue, meissner’s plexus

37
Q

part of the innervation of the GI tract, located in the submuscosa, controls secretion cells

A

meissner’s plexus

38
Q

wall structure of the alimentary canal - muscularis externa

A

smooth muscle (inner circular layer and outer longitudinal layer)

myenteric nerve plesus (Auerbach’s PLexus - contraction and relaxtion of SM

39
Q

can be thickened to form sphincters or valves

A

smooth muscle inner circular layer of muscularis externa (3 of wall structure)

40
Q

wall structure of the alimentary canal - serosa or adventitia

A

serosa - mesothelium and loose connective tissue, visceral peritoneum

adventita- loose connective tissue, outside peritoneum cavity

41
Q

Mucosa - Nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium
Submucosa
Muscularis externa - varies; skeletal muscle tissue and smooth muscle tissue
Serosa or Adventitia
Mucous Glands:
Esophageal glands (proper) - ___
Esophageal cardiac glands - _____

A

esophagus

Esophageal glands (proper) - submucosa
Esophageal cardiac glands - lamina propria
42
Q

collapsable muscular tube about 10 inches long, and connects laryngopharynx to the stomach, found ___ to trachea

A

esophagus (T10)

found posterior

43
Q

esophagus muscularis externa; upper 1/3?lower 1/3? middle 1/3

A

upper 1/3 - skeletal muscle
lower 1/3 - smooth muscle
middle 1/3 mixed

44
Q

esophageal cardiac glands help protect against

A

gastric reflex

45
Q

J-shaped enlargement of GI tract

A

stomach

46
Q

gross anatomical subdivisons of stomach

A

Cardia
Fundus
Body
Pylorus

47
Q

first portion of the stomach where food enters

A

cardia of stomach

48
Q

collects gases of stomach

A

fundus

49
Q

where most of the food hangs out

A

body of stomach

50
Q

last portion of the stomach , 2 areas.

A

pylorus

pyloric antrium and pyloric canal(sphincter)

51
Q

folds of the stomach for expansion when food enters

A

rugae

52
Q

Histological subdivisions of stomach:

A

Cardia – cardiac glands; primarily mucous

Fundus/Body – fundic glands contain cells that secrete HCl and pepsin

Pylorus – pyloric glands; primarily mucous

53
Q

Mucosa

  • Simple columnar epithelium
    - Surface mucous cells

Gastric pits which lead to glands (simple branched tubular glands)

Submucosa

Muscularis Externa
Three layers of smooth muscle
Outer longitudinal
Middle circular
Inner oblique

Serosa

A

stomach wall modifications

54
Q

Simple columnar epithelium
Surface mucous cells
Gastric pits which lead to glands (simple branched tubular glands)

A

mucosa of the stomach (wall)

55
Q

Cardiac glands

Primarily mucous

A

cardia of stomach

56
Q

Pyloric glands

Primarily mucous

A

pylorus of stomach

57
Q

Contain cells that secrete HCl and pepsinogen (pepsin)

Three Parts: Isthmus, Neck, & Base

A

fundic glands of stomach

58
Q

required for the uptake of vitamin B12

A

intrinsic factor of parietal cell of fundic glands of the stomach

59
Q

contain zymogen cells that produce proteins

A

chief cells of fundic glands of stomach (pepsinogen)

60
Q

what do G cells secrete

A

hormone gastrin

Gross Anatomy - Unit 2 (16 decks)

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