Lecture 9: Photosynthesis Flashcards
chloroplasts
the site of photosynthesis
Chloroplast structure:
outer membrane inner membrane geranium - thylakoid (thylakoid space) stroma DNA ribosomes
Chloroplast structure, three membranes:
outer membrane
inner membrane
thylakoid
Three compartments:
inter membrane
stroma
thylakoid space
Thylakoid
where light reactions take place
Stroma
where carbon fixation occurs
Photosystem (location)
found in thylakoid membrane
photosystems are…
protein complexes that contain chlorophyll
chlorophyll
absorbs light energy that produces high energy electrons
High energy electrons…
travel through the photosynthetic electron transport chain
Photosynthetic electron transport chain:
1.
light energy comes into photosystem II and causes two electrons from chlorophyll to leave photosystem II
Photosynthetic electron transport chain:
2.
electrons move through cytochrome complex loosing some energy, which is used to pump protons through membrane
Photosynthetic electron transport chain:
3.
electrons go through photosystem I, which absorbs energy that is transferred to the electrons making them high energy electron carrying molecules
Photosynthetic electron transport chain:
4.
they then leave going to a high energy electron carrying molecule
NADP + H+ = NADPH
Photosynthetic electron transport chain:
5.
photosystem II can draw water, and takes electrons which produces oxygen and protons
Photosynthetic electron transport chain:
6.
ATP synthase is a protein through which protons move down the concentration gradient
Photosynthetic electron transport chain:
7.
as protons move through ATP synthase ADP + Pi makes ATP
ATP and NADPH produced in light reactions are used…
to fix carbon dioxide and produce carbohydrate in the Calvin cycle
Calvin cycle:
fixation -
5 carbon molecules + carbon dioxide converted into different 3 carbon molecules
Calvin cycle:
reduction -
3 carbon molecules converted into different molecules 3 carbon sugars
ATP/NADPH used to make high energy 3 carbon sugar,, one 3 carbon sugar is released
Calvin cycle
regeneration-
converting the 3 carbon molecule back into the 5 carbon molecule
Photosynthesis
inputs/outputs
inputs - light, water, carbon
outputs - glucose, oxygen
glucose generation in plants/animals
plants produce their own - photosynthesis
animals - external source
ATP is generated
in both respiration/photosynthesis
ATP synthase
produces ATP
ATP synthase require
a proton gradient in chloroplasts/mitochondrion
Mitochondrion/chloroplasts content/ability:
DNA
ribosomes
inner/outer membrane
ability to make some proteins
