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CELS 191 > Lecture 26: cellular differentiation, stem cells and modern medicine > Flashcards

Lecture 26: cellular differentiation, stem cells and modern medicine Flashcards

1
Q

Embryos begin as a small number of naive…

A

totipotent cells

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2
Q

embryonic stem cells can give rise to all cell types except…

A

trophectoderm (pluripotent)

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3
Q

there is progressive restriction of cell fate until they are…

A

terminally differentiated

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4
Q

once a cell is terminally differentiated is can only give rise to…

A

the same type of cell

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5
Q

genomic equivalence:

a cell contains…

A

all the genetic material to rebuild a completely new organism

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6
Q

embryonic stem cells are “harvested” from…

A

the inner cell mass of mammalian blastocyst embryos

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7
Q

human embryonic stem cells are…

A

pluripotent

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8
Q

human embryonic stem cell can develop into…

A

any of the 200 or so types of cells in our body

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9
Q

cells derived from the embryonic stem cells are genetically…

A

identical to the embryo donor

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10
Q

induced pluripotent stem cells are made by…

A

reprogramming adult skin cells

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11
Q

induced pluripotent stem cell can be made from…

A

anyone

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12
Q

induced pluripotent stem cell are genetically…

A

identical to the source skin cells

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13
Q

adult stem cells can divide…

A

without limit

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14
Q

adult stem cells are…

A

undifferentiated, multipotent cells

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15
Q

umbilical cord stem cells are…

A

multipotent

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16
Q

Progenitor cells can differentiate into any kind of cell but cannot…

A

divide/replicate

17
Q

blood stem cells or haemotopic stem cells are found in…

A

the bone marrow

18
Q

totipotent means…

A

able to give rise to all cell types via cell division

19
Q

pluripotent means…

A

can become all/any cell of the body

20
Q

multipotent means…

A

cells can only give rise to one or a few types of cells.

21
Q

gene therapy:

a virus delivers…

A

genetic material into human cells

22
Q

regenerative medicine is based on…

A

pluripotent stem cells can repair/replace damaged organs or tissues

23
Q

pluripotent stem cells can be made from…

A

skin cells or blood cells from a patient

CELS 191 (31 decks)

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