Lecture 26: cellular differentiation, stem cells and modern medicine Flashcards
Embryos begin as a small number of naive…
totipotent cells
embryonic stem cells can give rise to all cell types except…
trophectoderm (pluripotent)
there is progressive restriction of cell fate until they are…
terminally differentiated
once a cell is terminally differentiated is can only give rise to…
the same type of cell
genomic equivalence:
a cell contains…
all the genetic material to rebuild a completely new organism
embryonic stem cells are “harvested” from…
the inner cell mass of mammalian blastocyst embryos
human embryonic stem cells are…
pluripotent
human embryonic stem cell can develop into…
any of the 200 or so types of cells in our body
cells derived from the embryonic stem cells are genetically…
identical to the embryo donor
induced pluripotent stem cells are made by…
reprogramming adult skin cells
induced pluripotent stem cell can be made from…
anyone
induced pluripotent stem cell are genetically…
identical to the source skin cells
adult stem cells can divide…
without limit
adult stem cells are…
undifferentiated, multipotent cells
umbilical cord stem cells are…
multipotent
Progenitor cells can differentiate into any kind of cell but cannot…
divide/replicate
blood stem cells or haemotopic stem cells are found in…
the bone marrow
totipotent means…
able to give rise to all cell types via cell division
pluripotent means…
can become all/any cell of the body
multipotent means…
cells can only give rise to one or a few types of cells.
gene therapy:
a virus delivers…
genetic material into human cells
regenerative medicine is based on…
pluripotent stem cells can repair/replace damaged organs or tissues
pluripotent stem cells can be made from…
skin cells or blood cells from a patient
