Belongs to HUBS, Lecture 30: Introduction to immunology and immune system Flashcards

1
Q

what is immunology

A

the study of an organism’s immune system in health and disease

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2
Q

the immune system is composed of:

A
  • organs
  • cells
  • molecules
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3
Q

what is the immune system

A

organised system of organs cells and molecules that interact to defend the body against disease

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4
Q

examples of diseases affected by immune responses

A
  • infectious disease
  • inflammatory disease
  • cancer
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5
Q

examples of microbes

A
  • viruses (smallest)
  • bacteria
  • fungi
  • protozoa (biggest)
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6
Q

pathogens are

A

disease causing microbes

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7
Q

two classifications of immune system organs

A
  • primary/secondary lymphoid organs
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8
Q

activity occurring in primary lymphoid organs

A

production of white cells (lymphocytes)

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9
Q

activity occurring in secondary lymphoid organs

A

site where immune responses are initiated

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10
Q

primary lymphoid organs include

A
  • thymus

- bone marrow

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11
Q

thymus function

A
  • ‘school’ for white blood cells called T cells

- developing T cells learn not to react to itself

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12
Q

bone marrow function

A

source of stem cells that develop into cells of the innate/adaptive immune response

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13
Q

bone marrow stem cells are

A

pluripotent

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14
Q

secondary lymphoid organs include

A
  • spleen

- lymph nodes

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15
Q

spleen function

A

site of initiation for immune responses against blood-born pathogens

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16
Q

lymph node location

A

along lymphatic vessels

17
Q

lymph node function

A
  • lymph fluid from blood and tissue is filtered

- site of initiation of immune responses

18
Q

three layers of defence in the immune system

A
  • chemical and physical barriers
  • innate ‘arm’
  • adaptive ‘arm’
19
Q

chemical and physical barrier layers

A
  • epidermis
  • dendritic cell
  • dermis
20
Q

epidermis composition

A

dead cells, keratin and phagocytic immune cells

layer of dead cells

21
Q

dermis composition

A

thick layer of connective tissue, collagen, blood vessels and phagocytic immune cells

22
Q

dendritic cell functions

A

immune cells

23
Q

chemical defences on skin

A

antimicrobial peptides
lysozyme
sebum
salt

24
Q

antimicrobial peptides function

A

forms pores in microbial cell membranes

25
Q

lysozyme function

A

breaks down bacterial cell walls

26
Q

sebum function

A

low PH acts as antimicrobial

27
Q

salt function

A

hypertonic causes cell to shrivel

28
Q

mucous membranes layers

A
  • epithelium

- fibrous connective tissue

29
Q

mucous membrane epithelium composition

A

highly packed live cells, constantly renewed, mucus-producing goblet cells

30
Q

location of mucosal membranes

A

lining parts of the internal body that are exposed to air

31
Q

mucociliary escalator function

A

get things we shouldn’t have inhaled out of our system

32
Q

innate immunity features:

A
  • already in place
  • fast acting
  • limited specificities
  • has no specific memory
33
Q

adaptive immunity features:

A
  • improves during the response
  • slow acting
  • highly specific
  • has long-term specific memory
34
Q

innate defences include:

A
  • surface barriers

- internal defences

35
Q

adaptive defences include:

A
  • humeral immunity (B.cells)

- cellular immunity (T cells)