Lecture 32: Microbial Pathogenicity

Question 1

Example of a virus pathogen

Answer 1

H1N1 influenza virus

Question 2

Example of a fungi pathogen

Answer 2

Trichophyton spp.

Question 3

Example of a prions pathogen

Answer 3

Kuru

Question 4

influenza structure

Answer 4

single stranded RNA, enveloped

Question 5

prion diseases work by

Answer 5

altering the folded formation of a healthy protein

Question 6

Example of a protozoa pathogen

Answer 6

plasmodium spp.

Question 7

Example of helminths pathogen

Answer 7

ancylostroma duodenale

Question 8

Example of bacteria pathogen

Answer 8

Bacillus anthracis

Question 9

gram positive bacteria trap

Answer 9

crystal violet stain in their thick peptidoglycan layer

Question 10

gram positive bacteria are ….. in colour

Answer 10

purple

Question 11

gram negative can’t trap

Answer 11

crystal violet stain in their thin peptidoglycan layer

Question 12

Koch’s postulates

specific pathogens cause

Answer 12

a specific set of symptoms

Question 13

exceptions to Koch’s postulates

Answer 13

treponema pallidum
- can’t be cultured
vibrio cholera
- pathogen can be found in healthy subjects

Question 14

key stages of microbial pathogenesis:

1-

Answer 14

adherence to host cells

Question 15

key stages of microbial pathogenesis:

2-

Answer 15

invasion of host tissue

Question 16

key stages of microbial pathogenesis:

3-

Answer 16

replication within host tissues

Question 17

key stages of microbial pathogenesis:

4-

Answer 17

disease causing damage to host tissue

Question 18

Example of pathogens adherence to host cells

Answer 18

fimbriae binding to host cells

Question 19

Example of pathogen invasion of host tissue

Answer 19

• motility to move through mucus using flagella

- proteins allowing pathogens through cell layers

Question 20

example of diseases causing damage to the host

Answer 20

• endotoxins

- exotoxins

Question 21

What are endotoxins?

Answer 21

they are lipopolysaccharides found in the outer membrane of gram negative bacteria

Question 22

What do endotoxins do?

Answer 22

Elicit a strong immune response

Question 23

What are the 3 types of exotoxins?

Answer 23

• cytotoxins
• neurotoxins
• enterotoxins

Question 24

What do cytotoxins do?

Answer 24

cause the lysis of red blood cells

Question 25

what do neurotoxins do?

Answer 25

causes paralysis

Question 26

what do enterotoxins?

Answer 26

causes severe dystentery