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CELS 191 > Lecture 3:Building blocks of cells > Flashcards

Lecture 3:Building blocks of cells Flashcards

1
Q

Building blocks make…

A

macromolecules

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2
Q

Amino acids make…

A

Proteins

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3
Q

Nucleo bases make…

A

DNA/RNA

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4
Q

Simple carbohydrates make…

A

Complex carbohydrates

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5
Q

Glycerol, fatty acids, hydrocarbon rings (make)

A

Lipids

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6
Q

4 main macromolecules:

A

polysaccharides (complex carbohydrates)
nucleic acids (DNA/RNA)
proteins
lipids (non-polymeric)

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7
Q

4 levels of carbohydrates:

A

monosaccharides (simple)
disaccharides (simple)
oligosaccharides (complex)
polysaccharides (complex)

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8
Q

Monosaccharides are…

A

single unit building blocks, of carbohydrates

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9
Q

Disaccharides are…

A

two monosaccharides joined together

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10
Q

Oligosaccharides are…

A

several monosaccharides linked together

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11
Q

Polysaccharides are…

A

many monosaccharides linked together >10

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12
Q

Functions of Carbohydrates:

A

recognition
energy
structure

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13
Q

Structural plant carbohydrate

A

cellulose

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14
Q

Carbohydrate for energy in plants/animals

A

starch - plant carbohydrate

glucose - animal carbohydrate

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15
Q

Examples of monosaccharides:

A

Hexose

Pentose (part of larger molecules)

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16
Q

Nucleic acids are…

A

informational molecules

17
Q

RNA is made of:

A

phosphate
base
ribose sugar

18
Q

DNA is made of:

A

phosphate
base
deoxyribose sugar

19
Q

RNA bases:

A

cytosine
guanine
adenine
uracil

20
Q

DNA bases

A

cytosine
guanine
adenine
thymine

21
Q

proteins are…

A

molecules by which cells preform their functions in the whole organism

22
Q

There are 20 amino acids that differ by..

A

R group/side chain

23
Q

First 4 functions of proteins:

A

structural
regulatory
contractile
transport

24
Q

Last 4 functions of proteins:

A

storage
protective
catalytic
toxic

25
Q

Example of structural protein:

26
Q

Example of regulatory protein:

27
Q

Example of contractile protein:

A

actin/myosin

28
Q

Example of transport protein:

A

Haemoglobin

29
Q

Example of storage protein:

A

egg white (albumin)

30
Q

Example of protective proteins:

A

antibodies

31
Q

Example of catalytic proteins:

A

RNA polymerase

32
Q

Example of toxic proteins:

A

Botulinum toxin

33
Q

Lipid characteristics:

A

not polymers
heterogenous
hydrophobic

34
Q

Example of heterogenous lipids:

A 
Triacylglycerols
steroids
phospholipids
glycolipids
fat soluble vitamins
35
Q

Functions of lipids:

A

structural
regulatory
energy

36
Q

Example of structural lipids:

A

cholesterol/phospholipids

37
Q

Example of regulatory lipids:

A

cholesterol regulates testosterone, that regulates estrogen

38
Q

Example of energy lipids:

A

triacylglycerol - TAG

CELS 191 (31 decks)

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