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HISTO > Lecture 9: Lymphatic System > Flashcards

Lecture 9: Lymphatic System Flashcards

1
Q

What are central lymphoid organs (2)? What is their primary function?

A
  1. Bone marrow
  2. Thymus
  3. GALT (tonsils, adenoids, appendix, peyer’s patches)
    Generation of lymphocytes
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2
Q

What are peripheral lymphoid organs? What is their function?

A

lymph nodes, spleen, mucosal lymphoid tissues

initiation of adaptive immune responses and maintenance of lymphocytes

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3
Q

What are characteristics and examples of Innate immune response?

A
  • non specific
  • responds to patterns
  • no memory
    -immediate
    (physical barriers, chemical defens, secretory substance, phgocytic cells, NK cells)
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4
Q

What are characteristics and examples of adaptive immunity?

A

-specific
-memory
-delay response
-B or T cell mediated
(humoral (antibody mediated) or cellular (viral infected cells))

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5
Q

What are T-cells?

A

T-lymphocytes- cell mediated immunity
CD4+ (Helper cells- product antibodies and phagocytes)
CD8+ (destroy infector cells)

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6
Q

What are B-cells?

A

B-lymphocytes - humoral immunity

  • mature in bone marrow
  • plasma cells
  • extracellular pathogens
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7
Q

Where are T-cells produced?

A

bone marrow –> mature in thymus

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8
Q

What is the structure of a B-lymphocyte?

A

2 heavy and 2 light chains
Fab- antigen binding
Fc- effector functions

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9
Q

NK cells

A
  • innate immunity

- release perforins and granzymes

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10
Q

What are charactristics of inflammation?

A
  • innate immunity
  • redness, heat, pain, swelling
  • neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages
  • presentation of antigen –> lymphocytes
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11
Q

What are characteristics of specific immune response?

A
  • adaptive immunity

- triggered when antigens are delivered to lymph nodes and recognized by lymphocytes

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12
Q

Where do antigens and lymphocytes meet?

A

peripheral lymphoid organs

**4-6 days from antigen recognition to activated lymphocytes

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13
Q

What do pathogens inter the lymph nodes through?

A

afferent lymphatic vessels

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14
Q

What are germinal centers?

A

dense spherical structures formed by B-cells that have recongized antigen and actively proliferating

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15
Q

MALT
GALT
BALT

A
  • Mucuous associated lymphatic tissue
  • Gut associated lymphatic tissue
  • bronchus associated lymphatic tissue
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16
Q

What is the function of MALT?

A
  • protect GI system, GU system, and respiratory passages

* ** LP of large intestine

17
Q

The area surrounding a germinal center is called____

A

Mantle zone

18
Q

Lymphatic nodules are found randomly dispersed and localized in what three areas?

A
  1. Tonsils (crypts)
  2. small intestine (Peyer’s patches)
  3. Appendix (cermiform)
19
Q

What is the function of afferent lymphatic vessels?

A

bring lymph to node, convex surface of node

20
Q

What is the fuction of efferent lymphatic vessels?

A

take lymph away from node, concave surface of node (hilum)

21
Q

What are dendritic cells?

A
  • antigen presenting cells

- Activate T-cells

22
Q

What are follicular dendritic cells? (FDCs)

A
  • found in germinal centers

- bind antigen-antibody complex

23
Q

Describe the cortex of a lymph node

A
  • outer portion
  • contains lymphatic tissue and sinuses
  • superficial nodular cortex
  • deep cortex (no nodules)
24
Q

Describe the medulla of a lymph node

A

inner portion of lymph node

- sinuses converge near hilum and drain into efferent lymphatics

25
Q

Where is the subcapsular (cortical) sinus?

A

between capsule and cortical lymphocytes

26
Q

What are the three sinuses in a lymph node?

A
  1. subcapsular (cortical) sinus
  2. Trabecular sinus
  3. medullary sinus (trabecular sinus drains into it)
27
Q

What are High Endothelial Venules (HEVs)

A
  • Postcapillary venules in deep cortex

- concentrate lymph by tansporting fluid and electrolytes from afferent vessels –> bloodstream

28
Q

What are three cells made in the Thymus?

A
  1. T-cells
  2. Macrophages
  3. Epithlioreticular cells
29
Q

Type I, II, and III, IV,V,VI cortical epithelioreticular cells.

A 
I- border of cortex and capsule or tabeculae
II- located in cortex
III- boundary of cortex and medulla
IV- between cortex and medulla
V- throughout medulla
VI- Form Thymic hassall's corpuscles
30
Q

Characteristics of spleen

A
  • largest lympahtic organ
  • collects antigens from blood
  • red pulp –> RBC disposal
  • white pulp –> lymphocytes surrounding arterioles
31
Q

Where is red pulp found in the spleen?

A

splenic cords and splenic sinuses

32
Q

Where is white pulp found in the spleen?

A

central artery

33
Q

Two main functions of spleen.

A
  1. immune function

2. hemopoietic function

HISTO (13 decks)

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