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HISTO > Lecture 2: Epithelium > Flashcards

Lecture 2: Epithelium Flashcards

1
Q

What germ layers is epithelial derived from?

A

mesoderm, ectoderm, endoderm (All of them)

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2
Q

Skin is derived from what germ layer?

A

ectoderm

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3
Q

blood vessels are derived from what germ layer?

A

mesoderm

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4
Q

Gut is derived from what germ layer endoderm?

A

endoderm

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5
Q

What are the 6 functions of epithelium?

A
  1. Protection
  2. Distention
  3. Secretion/excretion
  4. Absorption
  5. filtration
  6. Contraction
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6
Q

What are 5 characteristics of epithelia?

A
  1. strong apical - basal polarity
  2. avascular
  3. littler intercellular space
  4. Rests on basement membrane (LM) or basal lamina (EM)
  5. Has a high rate of turnover and mitosis after injury (except glands)
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7
Q

Describe the apical domain of the epithelium (location and cell specializations)

A

It is adjacent to lumen / external environment. *Microvili

  • sterocilia
  • cilia (motile and non motile)
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8
Q

Describe the lateral domain (location and cell specializations)

A

Adjacent to other epithelial cells.

  • Occluding (tight) junctions
  • Adhering junctions (belt and spot desmosomes), *Communicating (gap) juntions
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9
Q

Describe the basal domain of the epithelium (location and cell specializations)

A

Adjacent to underlying CT

  • Basement membrane / basal lamina
  • Hemi- desomosomes
  • focal contacts
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10
Q

What is a brush border where is it found?

A

Formed by microvilli, it is in intestine and striated border in kidney tubules –> increase surface area

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11
Q

What is at the core of microvilli

A

Have core of actin filaments

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12
Q

Where is sterocilia found?

A

epididymal duct and vas deferens also sensory epithelium of the ear

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13
Q

Describe primary ciliary diskinesia

A

AKA immotile cilia syndrome –> nonfunctional/ absent dynein arms

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14
Q

What is the arrangement of non-motile cilia (primary cilia) and function?

A

9+0 –> sensor of fluid flow (mechanoreceptors) in kidney tubules

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15
Q

Tight juntions AKA

A

zonula occludens- regulates movement of materials between cells, contains occludin and claudins

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16
Q

Belt desmosomes AKA

A

zonula adherens - E-cadherin rich –> lateral adhesion between cells
FASCIA ADHERENS- cardiac muscle cells

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17
Q

Spot desmosomes AKA

A

macula adherens - localized spot attachments between cells.
Plaques - desmoplakins and plakoglobins
Crosslinkers- desmocollin and desmoglein

18
Q

Communicating / Gap Junctions AKA

A

zonula communicantes -

connexons formed by connexins that can open and close.

19
Q

What is the function of a hemi desmosome?

A

Anchors intermediate filaments of cytoskeleton into basal lamina

20
Q

What is the function of focal contacts?

A

anchors actin filaments of cytoskeleton into extracellular matrix

21
Q

What are the two components of basal lamina?

A

lamina densa and lamina rara

22
Q

What is lamina densa composed of?

A

Type 4 collagen, entactin, nidogen, perlecan

23
Q

What is lamina rara?

A

laminin anchored to integrin receptors

24
Q

What forms the glomerular filtration barrier?

A

Basal lamina of endothelial cell of capillary in glomerulus fusing with basal lamina of kidney podocyte

25
Q

Describe the nucleas shape in squamous, cuboidal, and columnar cells.

A

Squamous- flattened
cuboidal- rounded
columnar - elongate nucleus

26
Q

What is the classification of respiratory epithelium?

A

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar

27
Q

What does transitional epithelium line? (4)

A

Kidneys, ureters, blader, urethra (AKA urothelium)

28
Q

What type of epithelium lines blood vessels and serous membranes?

A

Simple squamous epithelium

29
Q

What type of epithelium lines ducts of glands, walls of kidney tubules, and the covering of ovary?

A

Simple cuboidal epithelium

30
Q

What type of epithelium lines the intestine and gallbladder?

A

Simple columnar epithelium

31
Q

Stratified squamous nonkeratinized epithelium lines what structures? (5)

A

oral cavity, esophagus, rectum, anal canal, vagina

32
Q

What type of epithelium forms the epidermis of the skin?

A

Stratified squamous keratinized epithelium

33
Q

What kind of epithelium lines the ducts of sweat glands?

A

stratified cuboidal or columnar epithelium

34
Q

What is characteristic of urothelium?

A

umbrella cells, numerous tight junctions and discoidal vesicles (infolding of cell membrane that allow for distention)

35
Q

Describe the two types of glands.

A

Exocrine (ducts)

Endocrine (ductless– secrete into blood vessels)

36
Q

What are unicellular exocrine glands called what do they secrete?

A

goblet cells –> hydrophilic glycoproteins (mucus)

37
Q

What are 4 mechanisms of secretion in glandular epithelium?

A
  1. Merocrine
  2. Apocrine
  3. Holocrine
  4. Cytocrine
38
Q

Merocrine

A

exocytosis off apical surface in vesicles (proteins in milk)

39
Q

Apocrine

A

Part of cytoplasm extruded with secretion (lipids in milk)

40
Q

Holocrine

A

Cell dies –> part of secretion (Sebaceous gland)

41
Q

Cytocrine

A

Transfers secretion to another cell (melanocyte transfers melanin into keratinocytes

HISTO (13 decks)

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