Lecture 3: Tissue and Adipose Flashcards
What are the four classes of connective tissue?
- embryonic CT
- Loose CT
- Dense CT
- Specialized CT
What class is mesenchyme, what are 4 characteristics?
EMBRYONIC
- Small spindle shaped cells
- relatively uniform appearance
- 3D cellular network
- Capable of turning into other tissue type
What class is mucous CT where is it found and what are 4 characteristics?
EMBRYONIC - umbilical cord
- fibroblast and mesenchymal cells
- more space between cells
- less reticular fibers
- Wharton’s jelly
What are 4 characteristics of Areolar (loose) CT?
- loosely arranged collagen fibers
- primarily found under epithelium
- Site of inflammatory and immune reaction
- lamina propria
What are 5 characteristics of dense irregular CT?
- mostly collagen fibers
- little ground substance and fibroblasts
- strength and stress resistance
- submucosa of hollow organs
- reticular layer of dermis
Where is dense regular CT found? (3)
tendons, aponeuroses, ligaments
What are resident cells of the CT? (4)
- Fibroblast/myofibroblast
- Macrophages
- adipocytes
- mast cells
What are the transient cells of CT? (6)
- Lymphocytes
- Neutrophils
- Eosinophils
- Basophils
- Monocytes
- Plasma cells
What are the two stem cell populations the cells of CT arise from?
Hematopoietic stem cells
undifferentiated (mast cell + plasma cell)
mesenchymal cells (fibroblast + adipocyte)
What is the function of fibroblasts?
major protein synthesizer (GAGs, collagen, elastin, collagen, proteoglycans, multiadhesive)
What is characteristic of a mast cell what do they release?
Histamine, heparin, serine proteases, leukotrienes
Basophilic
cell surface is covered in IgE
What is characteristic of plasma cells, where are they found?
CLOCKFACE nuclei
prominent in LCT
produce antibodies
What are the 6 functions of the ECM?
- Mechanical and structural support
- biochemical barrier
- metabolic regulation
- anchors CT cells
- Cell migration
- Regulates growth and maturity
What classes of molecules compose the ECM?
- proteoglycans
- Glycosaminoglycans
- Multiadhesive glycoproteins
What are the 4 types of GAGs?
- Hyaluronan - lubricant/shock absorption
- Chondroitin 4/6 sulfate- shock absorption
- Keratin sulfate- axonal guidance, cellular recognition
- Heparin sulfate- facilitates interactions with FGF
What are the 4 proteoglycans?
- Aggrecan - hydration of ECM
- Decorin - Collagen fibrogenesis
- Versican- cell-cell/ cell-ECM interactions
- Syndecan - Links cells to ECM
What are the 4 multi-adhesive glycoproteins?
Laminin- anchors cell to basal lamina
osteoportin- binds osteoclast, binds calcium
fibronectin- cell adhesion
tenascin- modulation of cell attachment to ECM