Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

HISTO > Lecture 1: Intro > Flashcards

Lecture 1: Intro Flashcards

1
Q

What does hematoxylin stain and what color is it?

A

blue- nucleic acid, rER

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does eosin stain, what color is it?

A

cytoplasm, RBC, collagen fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does silver stain detect?

A

Retinacular fibers and nerve fibers -brown/black

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does Wright’s stain detect?

A

blood cells- neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, platelet granules.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Periodic acid-Schiff stain (PAS)

A

basement membrane (carbohydrates, glycogen) -magenta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Describe a basic dye (+)

A

stains acidic (nucleoli DNA, cytoplasmic rRNA) –blue ex. hematoxylin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Describe an acidic dye (-)

A

Reacts with basic structures (cytoplasmic filments, intracellular membranes, extracellular fibers) ex. eosin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is an Argentaffin cell?

A

cell that forms cytoplasmic deposits of metallic silver from silver salts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is characteristic of a Gaucher cell?

A

cytoplasm looks like crumpled tissue paper

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are two kinds of membrane rafts?

A
  1. Large planer lipid rafts

2. Caveolar rafts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Glycosphingolipids and flotillins are characteristic of what kind of raft?

A

Large planer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Caveolins are characteristics of what?

A

Caveolar rafts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are 6 functions of integral membrane proteins?

A
  1. pumps
  2. channels
  3. receptor proteins
  4. linker proteins
  5. enzymes
  6. structural proteins
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the difference between the E face and P face of a protein

A

P face has more integral proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are two proteins involved in membrane transport?

A

carrier proteins or channel proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are three kinds of endocytosis

A
  1. Phagocytosis
  2. Pinocytosis
  3. receptor mediated
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Rearrangment of the actin cytoskeleton is characteristic of which mechanism of endocytosis?

A

Phagocytosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Adaptin and clathrin are characteristic of what kind of endocytosis?

A

Receptor mediated enocytosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is produced by constitutive exocytosis? (2)

A
  1. antibodies

2. MHC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is produced by regulated exocytosis? (3)

A
  1. Endocrine cells
  2. Exocrine cells
  3. Neurons
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Nucleus

A

3- 10 uM - Genomone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Nucleolus

A

1-2 uM - rRNA synthesis, regulation of cell cycle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Plasma membrane

A

0.008 - 0.01 - Signals ion transport

24
Q

rER

A

5 - 10 uM - Protein synthesis (continuous with nuclear membrane)

25
sER
throughout cytoplasm - Lipid and steroid metabolism
26
Golgi apparatus
5-10 uM - modification of proteins-- sorting
27
Secretory vesicles
0.05 - 1 uM - Transport and storage of proteins
28
Mitochondria
0.2 - 7uM - Energy, initiation of apoptosis
29
Endosomes
0.02- 0.5uM - Transport
30
Lysosomes
0.2 - 0.5 - Oxidative digestion
31
Cytoskeletal elements
0.006 - 0.025 uM- Motility, adhesion, transport, structure
32
Ribosomes
0.025 uM - Protein synthesis
33
Glycogen
0.01 - 0.04uM - short term storage of glucose
34
Lipid droplets
0.2 - 5uM - Storage of fatty acids (Hi energy)
35
Peroxisomes
0.2 - 0.5- Oxidative digestion
36
Describe the pH changes of an endosome --> lysosome
Early endosome - pH 6.2 - 6.5 Late endosome - pH 5.5 Lysosomes - pH 4.7
37
What are 4 major pathways of protein secretion
1. Apical plasma membrane 2. Basolateral plasma membrane 3. Endosome or lysosome 4. Apical cytoplasm
38
What are three cycles the mitochondria uses to generate ATP?
1. Oxidative phosphorylation 2. TCA 3. Beta- oxidation of fatty acids
39
Three non-membrane bound organelles
1. Actin 2. Microtubules 3. Intermeditate filaments
40
What are the 4 functions of microtubules?
1. Cilia and flagella 2. Vesicular transport 3. Movement of chromosomes during mitosis and meiosis 4. Cell movement and shape
41
What are the two proteins associated with microtubules?
1. Kinesines (+ end) away from golgi | 2. Dyeneins (- end) toward golgi
42
Describe cilia
1. Core of microtubules 2. motile and can beat toward one direction 3. Found in specialized cells --> ear (sterocilia)
43
Describe microvili
1. Core of plasma membrane 2. May function is absorption and increase surface area 3. held together in bundles by villin and fimbrin
44
What pattern is cilium arranged in? Centrioles?
9 + 2 (cilium) | 9 (centrioles
45
What are two types of actin?
G-actin -> free | F- Actin -> incorporated
46
Describe the mechanism of phalloidin (poison mushrooms)
Prevents depolarization resulting in cell death
47
Describe the mechanism of cytochaslin B and D
Prevents polymerization | Inhibits lymphocyte migration, phagocytosis, and cell division
48
What is membrane blebbing and what are the causes?
Plasma membrane detaches from cytoskeleton --> Phalloidin and cytochalasin B and D
49
What are the 5 classes of intermediate filaments?
1. Keratins (all epithelial cells) 2. Vimentins (SM and neurons 3. Neurofilaments (neurons) 4. Lamins (nuclear-most differentiated) 5. Beaded filaments (eye lens)
50
What are inclusion and what are the types?
non moving, non living 1. lipofuscin 2. hemosiderin 3. glycogen 4. lipid inclusions 5. cystalline inclusions
51
What is the nuclear lamina?
A flat sheet that is the scaffolding for chromosomes and nuclear pores
52
Compare a heterochromatin and a euchromatin
heterochromatin (dark staining)- tightly packed transcriptionally INACTIVE euchromatin (light staining)- transcriptionally active
53
Describe a telomere
X of tightly packed chromatids -- shortens with each cell division
54
What is a Barr body?
females - X chromosome is repressed and stays tightly coiled
55
Describe the ability of the nucleolus to regulate the cell cycle.
* protein nucleosternin is a p53 binding protein and regulates cell cycle * Alters cell cycle to control viral replication

HISTO (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions