Lecture 8: Blood

Question 1

What are the functions of blood?

Answer 1

• transport of nutrients and oxygen
• delivery of hormones
• maintenance of homeostatis
• Transport of immune cells

Question 2

RBC and WBCs make up what percentage of blood volume?

Answer 2

45%

Question 3

Plasma makes up what percentage of blood volume?

Answer 3

55%

Question 4

What are the two classes of erthyrocytes?

Answer 4

1. Erthrocytes

2. Reticulocytes

Question 5

What are 2 classes of WBC?

Answer 5

1. Granulocytes

2. Agranulocytes

Question 6

What are the three granulocytes?

Answer 6

1. neutrophil
2. eosinophils
3. basophils

Question 7

What are the two agranulocytes?

Answer 7

1. lymphocytes

2. monocytes

Question 8

What is the function of albumin in plasma?

Answer 8

• concentration gradient
• colloid osmotic pressure
• carrier protein for hormones, metabolites/ drugs

Question 9

What is the nonimmune function of globulins?

Answer 9

(alpha and Beta) Maintaining osmotic pressure

carrier proteins

Question 10

What are the three classes of plasma protein?

Answer 10

1. albumin
2. globulins
3. Fibrinogen

Question 11

What is serum?

Answer 11

Plasma without clotting factors

Question 12

The buffy coat of a sample contains what?

Answer 12

WBCs

Question 13

What is hematocrit?

Answer 13

Percentage of blood volume occupied by RBCs
Men: 39-50%
Women: 35- 45%

Question 14

What are characteristics of an erythrocyte?

Answer 14

• lack nuclei and organelles
• biconcave disc
• histologic ruler b/c the size is consistent
• lipi bilayer

Question 15

What is the function of hemoglobin?

Answer 15

binds oxygen and carbon dioxide

- four globin chains (alph, beta, gamma, delta)

Question 16

What is the composition of Hemoglobin HbA?

Answer 16

alpha 2, beta 2 (96% of total Hb in adults)

Question 17

What is the composition of HbA2?

Answer 17

Alpha 2, delta (1.5-3% in adult Hb)

Question 18

What is the composition of HbF?

Answer 18

Alpha 2, gamma 2. (primarily in fetus)

Question 19

Sickle Cell Anemia is a result of point mutation in what? What is the point mutation?

Answer 19

gene encoding beta globin chain of HbA => HbS – valine for glutamic acid

Question 20

Type A blood has what in addition to O antigen?

Answer 20

N-acetylgalactosamine

Question 21

Type B blood has what in addition to O antigen?

Answer 21

galactose

Question 22

What cells are characterized by:

• multilobal nucleas
• drumstick appendage

Answer 22

Neutrophils

Question 23

What granule is present in all granulocytes?

Answer 23

Azurophylic granules

Question 24

What allows a neutrophil to “roll”?

Answer 24

selectins and integrins on endothelium

Question 25

What cell is characterized by:

• bilobed nucleus
• eosinophilic granules in cytoplasm

Answer 25

Eosinophils

Question 26

What is the least numerous leukocyte?

Answer 26

basophil

Question 27

What cell is characterized by:

• binds IgE (CD40L)
• nucleus that is obscured by stained granules
• staning of granules with basic dyes

Answer 27

Basophil

Question 28

What WBC is about the size of a RBC and has a large nucleus

Answer 28

Lymphocyte

Question 29

What cell is characterized by:

• weakly basophilic cyto plasm
• Indented, bean-shaped nucleus

Answer 29

Macrophage/ monocyte

Question 30

What are the 4 zones of platelet structure?

Answer 30

1. Peripheral zone
2. Structural zone
3. Organelle zone
4. Membrane zone