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HISTO > Lecture 13: Accesory organs > Flashcards

Lecture 13: Accesory organs Flashcards

1
Q

What are the digestive enzymes secreted in the pancreas?

A

trypsin, lipase, RNAase, elastase

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2
Q

Characteristic exocrine cells of the pancrease:

A

acinar cells

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3
Q

Characteristic endocrine cells of the pancreas

A

cells of islet of langerhans

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4
Q

Intercalated ducts in the pancreas secrete:

A

water and bicarbonate - stimulated by secretin

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5
Q

What are the terminal cells of intercalated ducts?

A

centroacinar cells

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6
Q

what are the specialized interlobular ducts of the pancreas called and what kind of epithelium do they exhibit?

A

intercalated ducts - columnar epithelium

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7
Q

What two ducts join at the ampulla of vater?

A

common bile duct and main pancreatic duct

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8
Q

What is the sphincter of oddi

A

the major duodenal papilla - controls secretion to duodenum

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9
Q

What is the duct of santorini

A

the minor duodenal papilla - controls secretion of accessory pancreatic duct

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10
Q

amylase digests

A

carbohydrates

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11
Q

trypsin digests

A

protein and peptides

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12
Q

deoxyribonuclease digests

A

DNA

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13
Q

ribonuclease digests

A

RNA

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14
Q

lipase digests

A

Lipids

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15
Q

cholesterol esterase digests

A

cholesterol

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16
Q

trypsin inhibitor is produced by what cells?

A

acinar cells

17
Q

What four mechanisms are used to prevent autodigestion of the pancreas?

A
  1. digestive enzymes are packaged in vesicles
  2. digestive enzymes are inactivated by low pH in vesicles (H+ pump)
  3. Digestive enzymes begin are proenzymes
  4. inhibitory molecules keep enzymes inactive
18
Q

hepatocytes mainly secrete what?

A

bile

19
Q

What is the CT sheath that covers the liver called?

A

Glisson’s capsule

20
Q

What is the percentage break down of the blood supply of the liver?

A

Receives 35% of its blood from the systemic circulation, but the other 65 % of its blood from hepatic portal system

21
Q

What is the relation of blood flow direction and bile flow?

A

they are opposite

22
Q

What is the portal triad?

A

hepatic artery, hepatic vein, bile duct

23
Q

Where is the portal triad located?

A

the portal space of kiernan

24
Q

Where can you find the space of disse

A

between the sinusoids and hepatocye

25
Q

where are kupffer cells found and what is their function?

A

in the space of disse, they destroy bacteria that enters the liver via portal circulation

26
Q

What three cells are found in the space of disse?

A

Kupffer cells, Pit (natural killer) cells, hepatic stellate (ito) cells

27
Q

What is the function of a pit cell?

A

it is activated by interleukins to kill tumor cells

28
Q

What is the function of a hepatic stellate cell?

A

it stores vitamin A, it can transform into collagen secreting cells when injured –> cirrhosis of liver (excessive collagen)

29
Q

What are the three ways to view the liver

A
  1. Classic hepatic lobule
  2. portal lobule
  3. portal acinus
30
Q

Describe the classic hepatic lobule

A

drains blood from portal veins and hepatic ateries to hepatic/central v.
has central vein in middle

31
Q

Describe portal lobule

A

drains bile from hepatocytes to bile duct duct

triangular, with bile duct in the middle

32
Q

Describe portal acinus

A

supplies oxygenated blood to hepatocytes has three zones, zone I is the most oxygenated, it is the first exposed to the blood

33
Q

What is the function of the gall bladder?

A

it stores and concentrates bile

34
Q

What controls SM contraction in gall bladder?

A

CCK and ACh

35
Q

Describe the two different types of cholelithiasis

A
  1. Cholesterol - yellow soft, 70-100% cholesterol

2. Pigmented- hard stones, brown or black,

36
Q

Describe jaundice and the causes (3):

A

Increased levels of bilirubin- yellowing of skin, sclera, and mucous membranes

  1. liver cant remove excessive bilirubin
  2. defect in liver prevents unconjugated bilirubin from converting into conjugated bilirubin
  3. blockage of bile ducts impedes flow of bile to SI to digest bilirubin (cancer pancreas head)

HISTO (13 decks)

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