Lecture 4: integument

Question 1

Stratum Basale (Germinativium)

Answer 1

Layers of stem cells
High mitotic activity
small cuboidal cells
intense basophila of layer

Question 2

Stratium Spinosum

Answer 2

Several layers of cells
attached to neighbors via desmosomes
layer where cell morphology begins to change

Question 3

Statum Granulosum

Answer 3

Most superficial nonkeratanized layer
1-3 cell layers thick
Keratohylain granules
Apoptotic

Question 4

Statum Lucidum

Answer 4

**THICK SKIN
highly eosinophilic
flattened cells
advanced keratinization
no cellular organelles visible

Question 5

Stratum corneum

Answer 5

no cellular organelles
keratin filled plates
coated with lipids
WATER BARRIER

Question 6

What are the 5 epidermal layers? (superficial –> deep)

Answer 6

Stratum corneum
Stratum lucidum
Stratum graulosum
Stratum spinosum
Stratum basale

Question 7

Define dermal papillae

Answer 7

fingerlike projections into the undersurface of epidermis

Question 8

Netheton Syndrome

Answer 8

Autosomal recessive –> SPINK5 gene–> regulates LEKTI

abnormal skin shedding, brittle hair, ischthyosiform erythroderma, high risk of dehydration

Question 9

Psoriasis

Answer 9

genetic autoimmune cause: PSORS1 gene –> hyper poliferative disease of keratinocytes

Question 10

Where are Melanocytes found?

Answer 10

Stratum Basale (produce pigment , dendritic cell)

Question 11

What controls coloration (4)

Answer 11

Balance between: Melanin, Carotene, Eumelanin, Pheomelanin

Question 12

Melenoma ABC’s

Answer 12

Asymmetry
Border
Color
Diameter
(derived from melanocyte)
radial growth phase --> vertical growth phae

Question 13

Merkel Cell

Answer 13

• cutaneous sensation
• in Stratum basale
• Merkel corpuscle
• *Merkel Cell Carcinoma

Question 14

Langerhans’ Cell

Answer 14

• originate in bone marrow
• immune function
• stratum spinosum

Question 15

Skin sensation of bare nerve ending

Answer 15

fine touch, heat, cold, pain

Question 16

Skin sensation of merkel cell

Answer 16

mechanoreceptor

Question 17

Skin sensation: Pacinian corpuscle

Answer 17

pressure, vibration

Question 18

skin sensation: Krause’s end bulb

Answer 18

cold

Question 19

skin sensation: Meissner’s corpuscle

Answer 19

low frequency stimuli

Question 20

skin sensation: ruffini’s corpuscle

Answer 20

stretch and torque

Question 21

Characteristics of hair

Answer 21

• found in thin skin ONLY
• composed of hard keratin
• sebaceous glands attached to follicles

Question 22

Acne

Answer 22

blockage/ infection of follicle:

1. blackhead (oxidized)
2. whitehead

Question 23

Pseudofolliculitis barbae

Answer 23

ingrown hair

Question 24

Unguis incarnatus

Answer 24

Toe nail growth into skin of toe

Question 25

Fungal infections

Answer 25

dermatophyte infections –> keratinases allow rapid infection of STRATUM CORNEUM

• • tinea barbae
• • Onycomycosis (toe fungus)

Question 26

1st Degree burn (superficial)

Answer 26

• Layer: epidermis
• Red no blisters
• painful

Question 27

2nd degree burn (superficial partial thickness)

Answer 27

• Layer: superficial dermis
• redness and blisters
• very painful

Question 28

3rd degree burn (full thickness)

Answer 28

• Layer: entire dermis
• stiff white/brown
• painless

Question 29

2nd degree burn (deep partial thickness)

Answer 29

• Layer: reticular (deep) dermis
• Yellow/ white
• pressure

Question 30

4th degree burn (complete)

Answer 30

Layer: entire dermis –> fat muscle bone

• black and charred
• painless