Lecture 7: Nerve Tissue

Question 1

What are the 3 divisions of the nervous systems?

Answer 1

1. Central Nervous System
2. Autonomic Nervous System
3. Peripheral Nervous System

Question 2

Two main components to nervous tissue?

Answer 2

1. Neurons- electrical activity

2. Glia- metabolic and physical support to neurons

Question 3

When do neurons lose their ability to divide?

Answer 3

When they differentiate into a neuroblast

Question 4

Describe the maturation of a neuron.

Answer 4

Apolar neuroblast–> bipolar neuroblast –> Multipolar neuron

Question 5

What are three types of neurons?

Answer 5

Unipolar neurons, bipolar neurons, multipolar neurons

Question 6

What is concentrated mainly inside cell?

Answer 6

Potassium

Question 7

What is concentrated mainly outside the cell?

Answer 7

chlorine and sodium

Question 8

What are three forms of neuronal communication?

Answer 8

1. Axosomatic
2. Axodentritic
3. Axoaxonic

Question 9

Describe slow anterograde transport.

Answer 9

Diffusion - carries structural proteins

Question 10

Describe fast anterograde transport.

Answer 10

It is mediated by kinesin bound to microtubules - carries large structures

Question 11

Describe retrograde transport.

Answer 11

Occurs at fast rate- mediated by dynein bound to microtubules

Question 12

Where are pyramidal neurons found? What is their function?

Answer 12

Cerebral cortex, hippocampus, amygdala –> cognition and motofunctions

Question 13

What is the function of purkinje cells?

Answer 13

they are the sole output of all motor coordination in cerebellar cortex ** Classic IDer

Question 14

What are satellite cells?

Answer 14

Principle glial cells in PNS

Question 15

What do oligodedrocytes do?

Answer 15

Produce myelin

Question 16

What do schwann cells do?

Answer 16

Myelinate nerve fibers

Question 17

What are group A sensory afferents?

Answer 17

Pain transmission - rapid sharp pain

Question 18

What are group C sensory afferents?

Answer 18

Pain transmission - dull throbbing pain

Question 19

What are the portions of an axon where Na is concentrated ?

Answer 19

Node of Ranvier

Question 20

What are clefts of Schmidt- Lanterman?

Answer 20

PNS myelin imperfection– spaces between myelinated axon

Question 21

Mutliple sclerosis & Guillain Barre syndrome are an autoimmune disease to what?

Answer 21

CNS myelin (destruction of myelin = neuronal dysfunction)

Question 22

Alzheimer’s Disease

Answer 22

neurodegenerative disease, plaques and tangles in brain

Question 23

Parkingson’s Disease is characterized by severe loss of what?

Answer 23

Substantia Nigra (SN) dopaminergic neurons
**parkinsonian tremor + gate

Question 24

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis AKA

Answer 24

Lou geric’s

Question 25

What is the defining feature of ALS?

Answer 25

death in upper and lower motor neurons in motor cortex, brain stem and SC
**sensory neurons remain intact

Question 26

What is characteristic of Huntington’s Chorea?

Answer 26

box car ventricles

Question 27

Gliomas tumors include:

Answer 27

Astrocytoma
Oligodendroglioma
Ependyoma

Question 28

Meningiomas include:

Answer 28

Pituitary adenomas

Nerve sheath tumors

Question 29

What is the most common pediatric cancer?

Answer 29

Neuroblastoma

Question 30

What is a Neuroma?

Answer 30

nerve tumor

Question 31

Spongiform Encephalopathies include:

Answer 31

Mad Cow disease
Creutzfeld-Jakob disease
Fatal Familial insomina
**Caused by Prions –> CNS deteriorates results in spongey brain tissue

Question 32

Brain Eating Amoeba AKA

Answer 32

Naegleria fowleri - water up your nose