Lecture 7: Nerve Tissue Flashcards
What are the 3 divisions of the nervous systems?
- Central Nervous System
- Autonomic Nervous System
- Peripheral Nervous System
Two main components to nervous tissue?
- Neurons- electrical activity
2. Glia- metabolic and physical support to neurons
When do neurons lose their ability to divide?
When they differentiate into a neuroblast
Describe the maturation of a neuron.
Apolar neuroblast–> bipolar neuroblast –> Multipolar neuron
What are three types of neurons?
Unipolar neurons, bipolar neurons, multipolar neurons
What is concentrated mainly inside cell?
Potassium
What is concentrated mainly outside the cell?
chlorine and sodium
What are three forms of neuronal communication?
- Axosomatic
- Axodentritic
- Axoaxonic
Describe slow anterograde transport.
Diffusion - carries structural proteins
Describe fast anterograde transport.
It is mediated by kinesin bound to microtubules - carries large structures
Describe retrograde transport.
Occurs at fast rate- mediated by dynein bound to microtubules
Where are pyramidal neurons found? What is their function?
Cerebral cortex, hippocampus, amygdala –> cognition and motofunctions
What is the function of purkinje cells?
they are the sole output of all motor coordination in cerebellar cortex ** Classic IDer
What are satellite cells?
Principle glial cells in PNS
What do oligodedrocytes do?
Produce myelin
What do schwann cells do?
Myelinate nerve fibers
What are group A sensory afferents?
Pain transmission - rapid sharp pain
What are group C sensory afferents?
Pain transmission - dull throbbing pain
What are the portions of an axon where Na is concentrated ?
Node of Ranvier
What are clefts of Schmidt- Lanterman?
PNS myelin imperfection– spaces between myelinated axon
Mutliple sclerosis & Guillain Barre syndrome are an autoimmune disease to what?
CNS myelin (destruction of myelin = neuronal dysfunction)
Alzheimer’s Disease
neurodegenerative disease, plaques and tangles in brain
Parkingson’s Disease is characterized by severe loss of what?
Substantia Nigra (SN) dopaminergic neurons **parkinsonian tremor + gate
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis AKA
Lou geric’s
What is the defining feature of ALS?
death in upper and lower motor neurons in motor cortex, brain stem and SC
**sensory neurons remain intact
What is characteristic of Huntington’s Chorea?
box car ventricles
Gliomas tumors include:
Astrocytoma
Oligodendroglioma
Ependyoma
Meningiomas include:
Pituitary adenomas
Nerve sheath tumors
What is the most common pediatric cancer?
Neuroblastoma
What is a Neuroma?
nerve tumor
Spongiform Encephalopathies include:
Mad Cow disease
Creutzfeld-Jakob disease
Fatal Familial insomina
**Caused by Prions –> CNS deteriorates results in spongey brain tissue
Brain Eating Amoeba AKA
Naegleria fowleri - water up your nose
