Lecture 9 Liver Structure and Function

Question 1

What is the largest internal organ

Answer 1

Liver

Question 2

Where is the liver located

Answer 2

Upper right quadrant

Question 3

What are the 2 major and minor lobes of the liver

Answer 3

Left and right

Caudate and Quadrate

Question 4

What is located in the porta of the liver from Sup to Inf

Answer 4

Hepatic Artery
Hepatic portal vein
Hepatic duct

Question 5

The hepatic duct joins with what vessel to form the common bile duct

Answer 5

cystic duct from gall bladder to form common bile duct and pancreatic duct

Question 6

What is the bare area on the liver

Answer 6

Small area on diaphragmatic surface surrounded by coronary ligament

Question 7

What is the role of central veins within each lobule

Answer 7

Hepatic veins which drain into the IVC

Question 8

Describe the blood from the hepatic portal vein

Answer 8

Central vein low in oxygen high in nutrient

Question 9

Describe the blood from hepatic artery

Answer 9

central vein high in oxygen and low in nutrient

Question 10

Function of Liver

Answer 10

Production and secretion of bile

Question 11

What are the 6 components of bile

Answer 11

1. Bile acids
2. Lecithin
3. Cholesterol
4. Bile pigment- bilirubin (from Hb)
5. Toxic Metals (detoxified in liver)
6. Bicarbonate (neutralisation of acid chyme)

Question 12

What are bile pigments

Answer 12

Breakdown products of haemoglobin from old/damaged erythrocytes

Question 13

What produces yellow bile

Answer 13

• Bilirubin (predominant bile pigment) -extracted from blood by hepatocytes and secreted into bile
• Reabsorbed bilirubin excreted in urine

Question 14

What produces brown pigments from bilirubin

Answer 14

modified by bacterial enzymes that passes down to the small and large intestine

Question 15

What are bile acids synthesised from and where

Answer 15

From cholesterol in the liver

Question 16

What are bile acids conjugated with to make

Answer 16

Glycine or taurine

Bile salts

Question 17

Why are bile acids conjugated

Answer 17

To make them more soluble

Question 18

How re secreted bile salts recycled

Answer 18

Enterohepatic circulation

• Liver  bile duct  duodenum  ileum hepatic portal vein Liver

Question 19

What are the 3 layers of gallbladder wall

Answer 19

Mucosae
Muscular
Serosa

Question 20

What controls bile secretion into the duodenum

Answer 20

Sphincter of Oddi

Bile duct and pancreatic duct enter at the same point

Question 21

What happens when there is fat in the duodenum

Answer 21

release of CCK
• CCK:
A) Sphincter of Oddi relaxes
B) Gallbladder contracts
• Discharge of bile into duodenum => fat solubilisation
• CCK= pancreatin enzyme secretion and bile secretion