Lecture 8 Gastric Motility and Pancreatic Function Flashcards

1
Q

What is the difference between the body of the stomach and antrum

A

Body has thin muscle as there is no mixing and weak contraction. The antrum has thick muscle for powerful contraction

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2
Q

What produces gastric peristaltic waves

A

Generated by pacemaker cels in longitudinal muscle layer

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3
Q

How are the slow waves in peristalsis conducted

A

Through gap junctions along longitudinal muscle layer

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4
Q

Describe the depolarisation of slow waves during peristalsis

A

Slow wave depolarisation sub-threshold that requires further depolarisation to induce action potential

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5
Q

What does the number of APs determine

A

Strength of contraction

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6
Q

What is the effect of gastrin

A

Increases contraction

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7
Q

What happens when there is • Fat/acid/amino acid/hypertonicity in duodenum

A

inhibition of motility- controls acid, osmolarity and nutrients leaving the stomach

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8
Q

Where is Bicarbonate secreted from and what is its role

A

Brunner’s gland duct cells in the submucosa.
Enzymes from the pancreas do not operate at a low pH so neutralisation is required as well as the duodenum not being protected by a mucous secreting epithelium

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9
Q

What does acid in the duodenum trigger

A

Long (vagal) & short (ENS) reflexes that cause bicarbonate secretion.
Release of secretin from S cells which act on Brunner’s gland to release bicarbonate

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10
Q

Describe the negative feedback control in bicarbonate secretion

A

Acid neutralisation inhibits secretin release

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11
Q

Name the 3 parts of the pancreas

A

Head, body and tail

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12
Q

Where is the head of the pancreas located

A

Curvature of duodenum

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13
Q

Where is the tail of the pancreas located

A

Extends to the spleen

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14
Q

What is the role of the endocrine portion of the pancreas

A

Contain islets of Langerhans which produce insulin and glucagon

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15
Q

What is the role of the exocrine portion

A

formed of acinar cells which become lobules connected by interacted ducts and follow through to the common bile duct and responsible for digestion

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16
Q

Where does the common bile duct enter the duodenum from

A

hepatopancreatic ampulla (sphincter of Oddi)

17
Q

If the bile duct s blocked where can bile enter the duodenum from

A

Accessory pancreatic duct

18
Q

What is the function of the exocrine pancreas

A
  • Secretion of bicarbonate by duct cells

* Secretion of digestive enzymes by acinar cells

19
Q

What is enterokinase

A

Bound to brush border of duodenal enterocytes and converts trypsinogen to trypsin

20
Q

What is the function of trypsin

A

Converts all zymogens to active forms in the duodenum

21
Q

Name the pancreatic enzymes

A
Proteases
Nucleases
Elastases
Phosphlipases
Lipases
Amylase
22
Q

Role of Proteases

A

Clean peptide bonds

23
Q

Role of Nucleases

A

Hydrolyse DNA/RNA

24
Q

Role of Elastase

A

Collagen digestion

25
Role of Phospholipas
Phospholipids to fatty acids
26
Role of lipases
Triglycerides to fatty acid and glycerol
27
Role of amylase
Starch to maltose and glucose
28
What stimulates the secretion of biarbonate
Secretin
29
What stimulates the release of secretin
Acid in the duodenum
30
What stimulates zymogen
CCK
31
What is CCK released in response to
Fat/amino acids in duodenum