GIT Pre-practial Flashcards
Layers of the anterolateral abdominal wall superficial to deep
- Skin
- Superficial fascia 2 layers- Camper (fatty) //7 Scarpa (membranous)
- Deep fascia (surrounds muscle)
- Muscles – ext, int obliques, transversus abdominis, rectus abdominis
- Transversalis fascia (deep to tranversus abdominis)
- Extraperitoneal fatty layer
- Parietal peritoneum
- Visceral peritoneum
- Organs
Rectus sheath is
A continuation of external oblique aponeurosis which covers rectus abdomens muscles
Internal thoracic artery gives rise to
Superior epigastric artery
What does the superior epigastric artery anastomose with
Inferior epigastric artery behing rectus abdominis
Which nerves innervate the abdominal muscles
Lower 6 intercostal nerves continue over the abdominal wall (T7-T12)
What is the arcuate line
A horizontal line that demarcates the lower limit of the posterior layer of the rectus sheath i.e. where the traverses abdomens muscle ends inferiorly
What is the terminal branch of the internal thoracic artery
Superior epigastric artery
What arises from the external iliac arteries
Inferior epigastric artery
Lateral branches of the superior and inferior epigastric arteries supply
Anterolateral abdominal wall
How long is the inguinal canal
4cm long
Where does the inguinal canal lie
Parallel and superior to the medial half of the inguinal ligament
What are the contents of the inguinal canal in men and women
Spermatic cord
Round ligament of uterus
What other components are located in the inguinal canal
Blood, lymphatic vessels and ilioguinal nerve
What leads to the formation of the inguinal canal
Evagination of the aponeurosis of the oblique muscle into the scrotum/uterus
Where is the inguinal ligament located
In between the pubic tubercle and the iliac spine
The roof of the inguinal canal is formed by
The conjoint tendon and the meeting of the anterior and posterior walls of the canal
The anterior wall of the canal is formed by
external oblique muscle throughout and internal oblique laterally
The posterior wall is formed from
the traversals fascia and conjoint tendon
The floor is formed by an
Incurving inguinal ligament which is part of the external oblique muscle, forming a gutter
What are the 2 types of inguinal hernias
Direct and Indirect
Describe an Indirect hernia
Hernia follows the same course as the spermatic cord and enters via the deep inguinal ring
Who is more prone to having an indirect hernia
Young, male as it is congenital
Describe a direct hernia
Created by a bulge through weakened fascia of abdominal wall and is directly behind superficial inguinal ring. Rarely enters scrotum
Who is most prone to direct hernias
Elderly
What is the inguinal triangle (Hesselbach’s triangle)
A common location for direct hernias to occur. The weak point is caused by a deficiency in the number of transverses abdomens aponeurotic fibres
Where is the location of the inguinal triangle
Inferior epigastric artery and vein
Rectus abdominis muscle
Inguinal ligament
What type of cells are found in the oesophagus, anal canal and what is it purpose
Stratified squamous and protection
What type of cells are found in the stomach and what is its purpose
Simple columnar epithelium and secretory
What type of cells are found in the small intestine and what is its purpose
Simple columnar epithelium with goblet cells (vili) secretory and absorptive
What type of cells are found in the large intestine and what is its purpose
Simple columnar epithelium with goblet cells (no villi)
Absorptive and protective
