Lecture 32 Nutrition in Health and Disease Flashcards

1
Q

Define diet

A

Sum total of all foods ingested

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2
Q

Define nutrients

A

chemically defined compounds required by the body

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3
Q

What informs food choices

A

 Likes
 Dislikes
 Religious and ethical considerations
 Social and psychological components

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4
Q

How do you measure the basal metabolic rate

A

 Can be measured by direct calorimetry
Usually calculated
 Depends on lean body mass
 Schofield or Harris Benedict, Henry equations
 Various adjustment factors for activity and illness

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5
Q

What does nutritional failure mean

A

o Failure to meet the nutritional requirements of the individual

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6
Q

What is the result of nutritional failure

A

o Development of deficiencies
o [Weight loss]
o Or Excess
o [Obesity]

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7
Q

What are the 2 types of malnutrition

A

Marasmus

Kwashiorkor

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8
Q

What is Marasmus

A

Body wasting

Protein calorie malnutrition

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9
Q

What is Kwashiorkor

A

Swelling of the abdomen

Protein calorie malnutrition with an acute or chronic inflammatory component due to lead capillaries and fluid retention

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10
Q

Define Obesity

A

• A state of nutrition in which a deficiency or excess (or imbalance) of energy, protein, and other nutrients, causes measurable adverse effects on tissue / body form, (body size, shape, composition) body function and clinical outcome.

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11
Q

What BMI is defined as overweight

A

> 25

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12
Q

What BMI is considered obese

A

> 30

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13
Q

What metabolic syndromes can obesity cause

A
Hypertension
CV disease
Type II diabetes
Fatty Liver
NASH
Cirrhosis
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14
Q

What cancers are linked to obesity

A

Breast and Bowel

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15
Q

What BMI is considered underweight

A

<20

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16
Q

What BMI is considered Physical impairment

17
Q

What BMI is considered an increasingly severe consequences

18
Q

What is used to screen for undernutrition

A

Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool

19
Q

What is step 1 of MUST

A
  • Height
  • Weight
  • BMI
  • If < 20 Score 1
  • If < 18 Score 2
20
Q

What is step 2 of MUST

A

 Have you lost weight unintentionally in the last 3 – 6 months?
 Yes – 10% Score 2
 No – 5% Score 1

21
Q

What is step 3 of MUST

A

 Has the patient eaten in the last 5 days

 No – Score 2

22
Q

What does a MUST score over 0, 1, 2 suggest

A

suggests a risk of undernutrition
 Score 1: supplements and watch
 Score 0: Monitor

23
Q

What does malnutrition associate with

A
  • Illness
  • Social isolation
  • Age
  • Socially vulnerable groups
24
Q

Clinical consequences of Malnutrition

A
o	Impaired immune response
o	Reduced muscle strength
o	Impaired wound healing
o	Impaired psycho-social function
o	Impaired recovery from illness and surgery
o	Poorer clinical outcomes
25
What are the 3 causes of Undernutrition
Appetite failure Access failure Intestinal failure
26
Examples of appetite failure
anorexia nervosa, disease related
27
Examples of Access failure
teeth, stroke, cancer of head and neck, head injury
28
Describe intestinal failure
Reduction in the functioning gut mass below the minimal amount necessary for adequate digestion and absorption of nutrients