Lecture 32 Nutrition in Health and Disease

Question 1

Define diet

Answer 1

Sum total of all foods ingested

Question 2

Define nutrients

Answer 2

chemically defined compounds required by the body

Question 3

What informs food choices

Answer 3

 Likes
 Dislikes
 Religious and ethical considerations
 Social and psychological components

Question 4

How do you measure the basal metabolic rate

Answer 4

 Can be measured by direct calorimetry
Usually calculated
 Depends on lean body mass
 Schofield or Harris Benedict, Henry equations
 Various adjustment factors for activity and illness

Question 5

What does nutritional failure mean

Answer 5

o Failure to meet the nutritional requirements of the individual

Question 6

What is the result of nutritional failure

Answer 6

o Development of deficiencies
o [Weight loss]
o Or Excess
o [Obesity]

Question 7

What are the 2 types of malnutrition

Answer 7

Marasmus

Kwashiorkor

Question 8

What is Marasmus

Answer 8

Body wasting

Protein calorie malnutrition

Question 9

What is Kwashiorkor

Answer 9

Swelling of the abdomen

Protein calorie malnutrition with an acute or chronic inflammatory component due to lead capillaries and fluid retention

Question 10

Define Obesity

Answer 10

• A state of nutrition in which a deficiency or excess (or imbalance) of energy, protein, and other nutrients, causes measurable adverse effects on tissue / body form, (body size, shape, composition) body function and clinical outcome.

Question 11

What BMI is defined as overweight

Answer 11

> 25

Question 12

What BMI is considered obese

Answer 12

> 30

Question 13

What metabolic syndromes can obesity cause

Answer 13

Hypertension
CV disease
Type II diabetes
Fatty Liver
NASH
Cirrhosis

Question 14

What cancers are linked to obesity

Answer 14

Breast and Bowel

Question 15

What BMI is considered underweight

Answer 15

<20

Question 16

What BMI is considered Physical impairment

Answer 16

<18

Question 17

What BMI is considered an increasingly severe consequences

Answer 17

<16

Question 18

What is used to screen for undernutrition

Answer 18

Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool

Question 19

What is step 1 of MUST

Answer 19

• Height
• Weight
• BMI
• If < 20 Score 1
• If < 18 Score 2

Question 20

What is step 2 of MUST

Answer 20

 Have you lost weight unintentionally in the last 3 – 6 months?
 Yes – 10% Score 2
 No – 5% Score 1

Question 21

What is step 3 of MUST

Answer 21

 Has the patient eaten in the last 5 days

 No – Score 2

Question 22

What does a MUST score over 0, 1, 2 suggest

Answer 22

suggests a risk of undernutrition
 Score 1: supplements and watch
 Score 0: Monitor

Question 23

What does malnutrition associate with

Answer 23

• Illness
• Social isolation
• Age
• Socially vulnerable groups

Question 24

Clinical consequences of Malnutrition

Answer 24

o	Impaired immune response
o	Reduced muscle strength
o	Impaired wound healing
o	Impaired psycho-social function
o	Impaired recovery from illness and surgery
o	Poorer clinical outcomes

Question 25

What are the 3 causes of Undernutrition

Answer 25

Appetite failure
Access failure
Intestinal failure

Question 26

Examples of appetite failure

Answer 26

anorexia nervosa, disease related

Question 27

Examples of Access failure

Answer 27

teeth, stroke, cancer of head and neck, head injury

Question 28

Describe intestinal failure

Answer 28

Reduction in the functioning gut mass below the minimal amount necessary for adequate digestion and absorption of nutrients