Lecture 9 Kinesiology of the Hip Flashcards
What is the JT of the hip?
Coxofemoral JT
What is the CPP of the hip JT?
extension, internal rotation, abduction
What is the capsular pattern of the hip?
internal rotation, flexion, abduction (variable)
What is the typical dislocation of the hip JT?
posterior (85%), usually due to major trauma, ie: knees to dash MVA
What type of JT is the hip?
ball and socket synovial
What are the 3 main ligaments of the hip?
iliofemoral / Y ligament
pubofemoral ligament
ligamentum teres / ligament of head of femur
What is the zona orbicularis?
thickening of the joint capsule around the neck of the femur
The acetabulum faces what direction?
lateral, anterior and inferior
What direction does the femoral head face?
medial, anterior and superior
What is coxa varum?
occurs when the inclination of the femoral neck is less than 125 degrees.
What is coxa valgum?
occurs when the angle of inclination of the femoral neck is greater than 135 degrees
What is femoral anteversion?
occurs when the angle of torsion of the femoral neck is greater than 15 degrees. Results in toe-in stance
What is femoral retroversion?
occurs when the angle of torsion is less than 15 degrees, results in toeing-out
What are movements of the hip JT?
flex/ex
abd/add
internal/external rotation
What is the plane and axis of hip flex/ex?
medial lateral axis
sagittal plane
What is the plane and axis of hip ABD and ADD?
anterior posterior axis
frontal plane
What is the plane and axis of the hip IR/ER?
mechanical axis of the femur, no plane
What often accompanies decreased ROM at the hip?
compensatory increases at the pelvis and lumbar spine
What are the articulating surfaces of the hip JT?
Lunate surface of the acetabulum
Head of the femur
What does the iliofemoral ligament limit?
limits hyperextension
prevents posterior pelvic tilt during relaxed standing
(strongest of the three ligaments)
What does the pubofemoral ligament limit?
Limits hyperextension, lateral rotation and abduction
What does the ischiofemoral ligament limit?
Hyperextension
Abduction
medial rotation
Also limits hyperflextion
(weakest of the three)
What does the ligamentum teres or ligament of the head of femur do?
Helps provide vascular supply to femoral head via obturator artery
What does the transverse acetabular ligament do?
Closes in the acetabulum to maximize femoral congruency
Where is the iliopectineal bursa?
Anterior to iliofemoral and pubofemoral ligaments, posterior to iliopsoas tendon
When does coxa varum occur?
When the angle of inclination of the femoral neck is less than 125 degrees
When does coxa varum occur?
When the angle of inclination of the femoral neck is less than 125 degrees
When does caxa valgum occur?
When the angle of inclination is greater than 135 degrees
What occurs when the angle of torsion of the femoral neck is greater than 15 degrees?
Femoral anteversion
(Toe in stance)
What occurs when the angle of torsion is less than 15 degrees?
femoral retroversion
(toeing out)
Decreased ROM in the hip is often accompanied by what?
Compensatory increases at the pelvis and lumbar spine
In what axis and plane do anterior and posterior pelvic tilt occur?
occurs around a medial lateral axis within a sagittal plane
What movement is anterior pelvic tilt equivalent to in relative terms?
hip flexion
Lateral pelvic tilt occurs around what axis and in what plane?
anterior posterior axis within the frontal plane
What movements accompany pelvic rotation?
lateral flexion of the spine
abduction or adduction of the hip on the supporting side
What happens during hip hiking?
hip abd on the supported side and add on the unsupported side
lateral lumbar flexion toward the unsupported side to maintain balance
may be observed w/ coxa valga as a compensatory mechanism to accomodate the anatomic long leg and bring the feet into normal alignment.
subsequent tightness in the ITB and abductors on the supported side may result.
What happens during hip drop?
hip abduction on the unsupported side
lateral lumbar flexion toward the suported side to maintain balance
This posture may be observed w/ coxa vara to accomodate the anatomical short leg, with adverse effects on patellofemoral tracking.
Pelvic rotation occurs around what axis and in what plane?
around a vertical axis in the transverse plane
What is lumbopelvic motion?
lumbar and pelvic coordinated movement which allows full trunk flexion or leg abduction
What are the prime movers of the hip?
iliopsoas
rectus femoris and startorius
TFL
hamstring group
glutes
adductor group
deep 6
What are the synergists of the hip?
abdominals
sartorius and TFL
What muscles are keys in controlling vertebral and pelvic motion during leaning back and returning to an upright position?
iliopsoas
What muscles act with the abdominals during sit up type motions and straight leg raising?
iliopsoas
Rectus femoris flexes the hip with the knee in what position and why?
with the knee flexed.
Knee extension leads to active insufficiency
What muscles is relatively resistant to active insufficiency during simultaneous hip and knee flexion?
sartorius
What muscle works synergistically with sartorius to eliminate hip rotation during flexion?
TFL
Which way does sartorius rotate the hip?
external rotation
