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MS 2 > Lecture 16: Kinesiology of the Spine > Flashcards

Lecture 16: Kinesiology of the Spine Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 main regions of the spine?

A

cervical
thoracic
lumbar
sacroiliac and symphesis pubis

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2
Q

What part of the intervertebral disc is innervated and perfused?

A

The outer third

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3
Q

What is an intervertebral disc composed of?

A

nucleus pulposus
peripheral annulus

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4
Q

What type of joints are facet joints of the spine and ribs?

A

non-axial plane synovial

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5
Q

Intervertebral discs are what type of joint?

A

amphiarthroidial sympheses

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6
Q

What does the anterior longitudinal ligament (ALL) limit?

A

limits extension and reinforces anterior annulus fibrosis and facet joints

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7
Q

Where does the ALL begin and end?

A

orginates as the anterior atlanto-occipital (C0-1) membrane and extends to the sacrum

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8
Q

What does the posterior longitudinal ligament (PLL) limit?

A

limits flexion and reinforces poserior annulus fibrosus

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9
Q

Which is thinner and weaker, the ALL or PLL?

A

the PLL

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10
Q

Where does the PLL begin and end?

A

originates at the tectoral membrane (C0-2) and extends to sacrum

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11
Q

Intervertebral discs are between which vertebrae?

A

from C2-C3 to L5-S1

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12
Q

What does the ligamentum flavum limit?

A

Flexion, especially in the lumbar region

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13
Q

What does the ligamentum flavum limit?

A

Flexion, especially in the lumbar region

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14
Q

What do the interspinous ligaments limit?

A

The primary limiter of flexion

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15
Q

What does the supraspinous ligament limit?

A

flexion

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16
Q

What is the first ligament to be injured in a hyperflexion injury?

A

the supraspinous ligament

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17
Q

What does the intertransverse ligament limit?

A

lateral flexion

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18
Q

Lateral flexion creates what forces

A

Compression ipsiliaterally and tensile force contralaterally

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19
Q

Where does torsional stiffness increase?

A

mid thoracic spine inferiorly

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20
Q

Flexion of the spine is primarily limited by ligaments. Which ligaments?

A

interspinous ligaments
supraspinous ligaments
ligamentum nuchae
PLL

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21
Q

Extension narrows the IVFs and is limited by what?

A

Bony contact
ALL

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22
Q

Lateral flexion is maximized with facets in what plane?

A

Frontal plane

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23
Q

Lateral flexion is greatest where?

A

cervical then thoracic spine (thoracic is limited by ribs)

24
Q

Lateral flexion causes rotation in the VB. Which vertebra rotate ipsilaterally and which are contralateral?

A

ipsilateral C2-T6
contralateral T6-L5

25
Q

What is the CPP of the cervical spine

A

full extension

26
Q

What is the capsular pattern of the cervial spine?

A

Lateral flexion, rotation, extension

27
Q

Which vertebra have bifid SPs?

A

C2-C6

28
Q

Uncinate processes are on which vertebra?

A

C3-T1

29
Q

What ligament connects the occiput to C2?

A

Apical ligament

30
Q

What is the orientation of cervical facets?

A

45 degrees to horizontal plane

31
Q

Flex/Ex is maximized where in the cervical spine?

A

Flex C5/6
Ex C4/5

32
Q

In cervical spine, lateral flexion is coupled with VB rotation in what direction?

A

Ipsilateral

33
Q

Atlanto-occipital is what type of jt?

A

Biaxial condyloid synovial

34
Q

What are the articulating surfaces of the atlanto-occiputal jt?

A

convex occipital condyles of the occiput
concave superior facets of C1

35
Q

What are the arthrokinematics of the atlanto-occipital jt?

A

Convex on concave, thus roll & glide in opposite directions.

36
Q

What is unique about the atlanto-occipital jt capsule?

A

There are 2, one the left, one on the right

37
Q

What does the atlanto-occipital membrane contain?

A

The anterior and posterior bands

38
Q

What are the movements of the atlanto-occipital jt?

A

Predominantly flex/ex
some lateral flexion and rotation, limited by bones

39
Q

How does the occiput move during flexion and extension?

A

Posterior/superior during flexion
Anterior/inferior during extension

40
Q

What are the arthrokinematics of the medial atlanto-axial jt?

A

Concave atlas moves around convex dens, so same direction

41
Q

Ribs articulate posteriorly with?

A

It’s own Vb and the one above, except for ribs 1, 11 and 12 which only articulate with their own VB

42
Q

Which ribs don’t articulate with their TVP?

A

Ribs 11 and 12

43
Q

Costovertebral and costotransverse jts are classified as what type?

A

non-axial plane synovial. Slight gliding movements

44
Q

Costovertebral and costotransverse jts are classified as what type?

A

non-axial plane synovial. Slight gliding movements

45
Q

What does the radiate ligament limit?

A

Posterior displacement of the the head of the rib

46
Q

The facets of thoracic vertebra are oriented how?

A

60 degrees to the horizontal plane

47
Q

Which way to thoracic vertebra rotate in lateral flexion?

A

T1-T6 ipsilateral rotation
T7-T12 contralateral rotation

48
Q

What are the true, false, and floating ribs?

A

1-7 true ribs
8-10 false ribs
11-12 floating ribs

49
Q

Rib humping occurs on which side of the scoliotic curve?

A

the convex side

50
Q

What is the CPP of the lumbar spine?

A

full extension

51
Q

What is the capsular pattern of the lumbar spine?

A

lateral rotation, rotation, extension

52
Q

What is the capsular pattern of the lumbar spine?

A

lateral rotation, rotation, extension

53
Q

What is the orientation of the facets in the lumbar spine?

A

L1 directly in the true sagittal plane
L2-L4 semi-sagittal plane
L5 is in the frontal plane to limit movement on the sacrum

54
Q

What are the movements of the lumbar spine?

A

Flex/ex - increases inferiorly
Lateral flexion and rotation - mostly from intervertebral discs.

55
Q

What is sacral counternutation?

A

Posterior tilt of the sacral promontory

MS 2 (30 decks)

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