Lecture 9- Intro To Speech Production Flashcards
What are some challenges of speech production
- No clear gaps between words
- Co-articulation
- Accent, gender and speaking rate
- Time constraints
What is co-articulation
Changes in speech articulation of the current segment due to neighbouring speech
(Same word sounds different in different parts of a sentence)
How many words can we hear per minute
200
Examples of time constraints
- Words per minute
- Sound is fleeting
- “Now or never bottle neck”
What is the process of a speaker
Linguistic level-> Physiological level-> acoustic level
What is the process of a listener
Acoustic level-> Physiological level-> Linguistic level
Physical process of producing speech
- Lungs push air up the trachea (windpipe
- Air vibrates the vocal cords in the larynx (voice box)
Sounds from the vocal cords are shaped by
The supralaryngeal vocal tract
What is included in the supralaryngeal vocal tract
- Pharynx
- Oral cavity
- Nasal cavity
Consonants are produced with
A constriction in the vocal tract
What are the 3 places of articulation
- Labial
- Alveolar
- Velar
Constants are classified according to which 3 main features
- Manner
- Voicing
- Place of articulation
What are examples of stop consonants with voicing
B, D, G
What are examples of stop consonants without voicing
P, T, K
What are the 3 types of manner
- Stop
- Fricative
- Nasal
What are examples of fricative consonants without voicing
F, S
What are examples of fricative consonants with voicing
V, Z
What are examples of nasal consonants
M, N
What are sound waves
Periodic displacement of air molecules, creating increases and decreases in air pressure
What is amplitude of a sound wave
Related to loudness
What is the period of a sound wave
Inversely related to frequency, important cue to pitch
What does a spectrogram graph show
How sound amplitude caries as a function of time and frequency
What does the dark grey represent on a spectrogram
Large amplitude
What does the light grey represent on a spectrogram
Small amplitude
