Lecture 13- Sins Of Memory Flashcards
What is the Deese-Roediger-McDermott memory illusion
Strong tendency to falsely recognise or recall a critical lure as having been presented
What increases and decreases the Deese-Roediger-McDermont
- Hippocampal damage reduces
- Prefrontal cortex damage and old age increases
What is gist memory
Idea that memory encompasses semantically related unstudied content
What is gist
Semantic associations between wirds
Gist memory effects also
Categorised pictures
False memories can be based on
Semantic gist shared with real events
When retrieving false recognition vs true recognition how do they differ in brain activation for left PFC and right hippocampus
They dont
What is activated more during true recollection than false
- Right hippocampus
- Early visual cortex
What contains more sensory info, true or false recollection
True recollection
There is what kind of evidence for semantic differences between true and false recollection
Mixed
Often true memories engage
- Hippocampus more
- Sensory cortex
Under Bartlett’s memory schema the past operates as an
Organised mass
People recalled unfamiliar stories how
Elements changed as well as omitted
What information does not fit our schemas
Memory distortion
Prior knowledge can support
Episodic memory when people process for meaning and when to be remembered info fits memory schema
What were Bartlett’s methods
- Not well controlled.
- No statistics
More distortion at
Longer study-test delays
Memory distortion may be less common in
‘Naturalistic conditions’
Wynn and Logie tested students memory for first week at uni-what’d they find
- Accurate and stable over 1 year
- Initial memory test was not for 2-3 weeks
- Consistent with proposed role of schemas
At a 15 minute memory test major distortion were found in
About a third of all recalled info
Schema expectancy helps or hinders recall of objects
Helps
What was found more of when recognising high-schema objects
False recognition
Suggests memory is not a record but
More of a construct
Allport and postman 1947, telephone game, memory bias and stereotypes
- Picture of white man holding a blade with a black man
- Through retelling, knife moved to black man’s hand
Stereotype errors increased with
Delay and even neutral suggestion
Bias can be
- Induced and affect memory
- Modified (in anxiety/depression)
Recall of details from scenarios was biased to
Trained direction
