Lecture 4- Visual Development

Question 1

Infant looking preferences show babies have a bias for

Answer 1

• High contrast images

- ‘Face like’ stimuli

Question 2

Visual acuity at birth is

Answer 2

• Poor

- But the general pattern for CSF is similar to adults

Question 3

When do infants have 20/20 vision

Answer 3

36 months

Question 4

People born with cataracts and have them removed react how to two faces with different spatial configuration

Answer 4

Take longer to differentiate, impaired face perception

Question 5

Magnocellular (parasol)

Answer 5

• Motion
• Luminance
• Low sf

Question 6

Parvocellular (midget)

Answer 6

• Colour

- High sf

Question 7

Colour discrimination half with every

Answer 7

Doubling of age

Question 8

The ratio of input of the cones along a lifespan is

Answer 8

The same

Question 9

Infants from age 4-6 months group colour

Answer 9

Categorically

Question 10

Can very young children perceive depth

Answer 10

Yes

Question 11

In newborn infants, the integration between perception and action is

Answer 11

Not perfect

Question 12

Young children have some of the individual skills for

Answer 12

Size constancy

Question 13

Young children don’t necessarily integrate across

Answer 13

Visual clues

Question 14

Perceptual narrowing

Answer 14

Experience or lack of experience shapes perceptual experience
i.e. refinement

Question 15

In infants there is a refinement of perception based on

Answer 15

Visual experience in the first year of life

Question 16

Nature scenes have what spatial frequencies

S(f)

Answer 16

1/f distribution of spatial frequencies

S(f) = 1/f

Question 17

Neurons in the primary visual cortex have response profiles optimised to process

Answer 17

Nature scene information

Question 18

Adults are sensitive to

Answer 18

The slope of distributions found in natural scenes

Question 19

Children are not sensitive to the slope of distributions found in natural scenes till

Answer 19

10 years old because of immaturities in low level vision

Question 20

Adapting to the spatial frequency of different scene types results in

Answer 20

A change in participants contrast to sensitivity functions

Question 21

Trypophobic images have an excess of energy at the

Answer 21

• Mid spatial frequencies

- Matches the spectral profile of some hazardous animals

Question 22

Aesthetics are influenced by

Answer 22

Low level properties of an image

Question 23

The spectral sensitivities of human colour receptors have evolved to optimally represent

Answer 23

The variation in colour of blood flow and diets of our ancestors

Question 24

Natural scenes contain the greatest amount of variance along

Answer 24

• One particular direction in colour space.

- This is the way that sunlight and skylight vary

Question 25

Colour discrimination is poorer along

Answer 25

The negative diagonal of a chromaticity diagram from blue to orange

Question 26

Natural scene statistics in infancy can impact on

Answer 26

Adult colour perception into adulthood

Question 27

More ‘natural’ distributions of colour are higher in

Answer 27

Artistic merit

Question 28

The immaturity of the infant visual system may provide the best learning ground for

Answer 28

Discriminating faces