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Anatomy 3010 > Lecture 9 > Flashcards

Lecture 9 Flashcards

1
Q

Heart

A

Muscular double pump

Conical structure with apex to the left of the midline

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2
Q

Two functions of heart

A
  1. Pulmonary circuit

2. Systemic circuit

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3
Q

Pulmonary circuit

A

Right side receives oxygen-poor blood from the body and pumps it to the lungs

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4
Q

Systemic circuit

A

Left side receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps through the body

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5
Q

Superior vena cava

A

Brings blood from upper half of body

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6
Q

Inferior vena cava

A

Brings blood from lower half of body

Divided at diaphragm

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7
Q

Bicuspid/mitral valve

A

Left AV valve

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8
Q

Tricuspid valve

A

Right AV valve

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9
Q

Mitral regurgitation

A

Blood flows back from left ventricle to left atrium

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10
Q

Aortic semilunar valve

A

Blood exits left ventricle

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11
Q

Pulmonary semilunar vlave

A

Blood exits right ventricle

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12
Q

Mediastinum

A

Surrounds heart

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13
Q

Pericardial cavity

A

Contains heart

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14
Q

Pericardium (2)

A
  1. Fibrous pericardium

2. Serous pericardium

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15
Q

Fibrous pericardium

A

Strong layer of dense connective tissue

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16
Q

Serous pericardium

A

Formed from parietal and visceral layers

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17
Q

Layers of heart wall (3)

A
  1. Epicardium
  2. Myocardium
  3. Endocardium
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18
Q

Epicardium

A

Visceral layer of serous pericardium

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19
Q

Myocardium

A

Consists of cardiac muscle arranged in circular and spiral patterns

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20
Q

Endocardium

A

Endothelium resting on a layer of connective tissue

Lines internal walls of heart

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21
Q

Atria

A

Receive blood from the pulmonary and systemic circuits

22
Q

Ventricles

A

Pumping chambers of the heart

23
Q

Internal heart divisions (2)

A
  1. Inter-ventricular septa

2. Inter-atrial septa

24
Q

External heart markings (3)

A
  1. Coronary sulcus
  2. Anterior inter-ventricular sulcus
  3. Posterior inter-ventricular sulcus
25
Q

Right atrium

A

Receives oxygen-poor blood from systemic circuit
Pentinate muscles give it ridges
Fossa ovalis
Tricuspid valve connects it to ventricle

26
Q

Fossa ovalis

A

Depression in right inter-atrial septum

Remnant of foramen ovale

27
Q

Right ventricle

A

Receives blood from right atrium through right AV valve (tricuspid valve)
Pumps blood into pulmonary circuit
Trabeculae carnae: elevations in ventricle like pectinate muscles
Papillary muscles open valves

28
Q

Trabeculae carnae

A

Elevations in the ventricle, similar to pectinate muscles

29
Q

Papillary muscles

A

Larger, prominent trabeculae, makes cusps move

Connected to tricuspid valve by chordae tendineae

30
Q

Chordae tendineae

A

Cord-like tendons that connect the papillary muscles to the tricuspid valve and mitral valve in the heart

31
Q

Pulmonary semilunar valve

A

Located at opening of right ventricle and pulmonary trunk

32
Q

Left atrium

A

Makes up hearts posterior surface
Receives oxygen-rich blood from lungs through pulmonary veins
Opens into the left ventricle via bicuspid valve

33
Q

Left ventricle

A

Forms apex of heart

Contains trabeculae carnae, papillary muscles, and chordae tenineae

34
Q

Heart valves

A

Each composed of endocardium with connective tissue core

35
Q

Lub (of lub-dup)

A

AV valves closing

36
Q

Dub (of lub-dup)

A

Semilunar valves closing

37
Q

Cardiac muscle tissue

A

Forms myocardium

Contracts by sliding filament mechanism

38
Q

Cardiac muscle cells

A

Short and branching
One or two nuceli
Joined at intercalated discs
Two types of cell junctions: fasciae adherens and gap junctions

39
Q

Intercalated discs

A

Complex junction to form cellular networks

40
Q

Fasciae adherens

A

Desmosome-like junctions

41
Q

Vagus nerve

A

Parasympathetic fibers that decrease heart rate

42
Q

Cervical sympathetic chain

A

Sympathetic nerves that increase heart rate and strength of contraction

43
Q

Coronary arteries

A

Arise from base of aorta

Left and right

44
Q

Left coronary artery

A

AKA anterior inter-ventricular artery or left anterior descending artery

45
Q

Right coronary artery

A

AKA posterior inter-ventricular artery or posterior descending artery

46
Q

Coronary artery disease

A

Atherosclerosis, angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, silent ischemia, arrhythmias, congest cardiac failure

47
Q

Atherosclerosis

A

Fatty deposits inside lumen of blood vessels

48
Q

Angina pectoris

A

Chest pain

49
Q

Myocardial infarction

A

Blocked coronary artery, heart attack

50
Q

Coronary artery bypass graft

A

Bypass block to allow blood flow to where it needs to go

51
Q

Congenital heart defects

A

Traced to 2 months of development
Most common defect is ventricular septal defect
Two categories:
1. Inadequately oxygenated blood reaches body tissues
2. Ventricles labor under increased workload

Anatomy 3010 (12 decks)

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