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Anatomy 3010 > Lecture 5 > Flashcards

Lecture 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Types of joints by function (3)

A
  1. Synarthroses
  2. Amphiarthroses
  3. Diarthroses
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2
Q

Synarthroses joints

A

Immovable joints

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3
Q

Amphiarthroses joints

A

Slightly movable joints

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4
Q

Diarthroses joints

A

Freely movable joints

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5
Q

Types of join by structure (3)

A
  1. Fibrous joints
  2. Cartilaginous
  3. Synovial
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6
Q

Fibrous joints

A

Suture or syndesmosis

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7
Q

Suture joints

A

Joint is held together with short, interconnecting fibers
Bone edges interlock
Only on skull

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8
Q

Syndemosis joints

A

Bones are held together by a ligament
Fibrous tissue can vary in length
Between radius and ulna: large amounts of movement possible

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9
Q

Distal tibiofibular joint

A

Between fibula and tibia

Syndemosis joint

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10
Q

Cartilaginous joints

A

Synchondroses or symphyses

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11
Q

Synchondroses joints

A

Bones united by hyaline cartilage
Immobile
Ie. epiphyseal plates, 1st rib’s cartilage, manubrium of sternum

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12
Q

Symphyses joints

A

Fibrocartilage connects two bones
Slight movement
Ie. symphysis pubis, symphysis menti, intervertebral discs

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13
Q

Synovial joints (6)

A 
Most movable joints in the body
All have hyaline at ends of articulating bones
Joint cavities
Articular capsule
Synovial fluid
All are diarthroses
Intra and extracapsular ligaments to enforce the joints
Most joints in body are synovial
1. Plane
2. Hinge
3. Pivot
4. Condylar
5. Saddle
6. Ball and socket
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14
Q

Plane synovial joints

A

Between two flat surfaces
Allow for limited gliding movements between bones
Ie. between tarsal bones of the foot

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15
Q

Hinge synovial joints

A

Cylinder and trough

Ie. elbow, knee, ankle

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16
Q

Pivot synovial joints

A

Rotate around axis

Ie. between first and second cervical vertebrae, radius and ulna

17
Q

Condylar synovial joints

A

One round bone and one concave

Ie. radiocarpal joint of wrist, metacarpal phalangeal joint

18
Q

Saddle synovial joints

A

Saddle and rider

Ie. 1st carpometacarpal joint (base of thumb)

19
Q

Ball and socket synovial joints

A

Hip and shoulder joints ONLY

20
Q

Articular cartilage

A

Synovial joints
At ends of articulating bones
Hyaline

21
Q

Joint cavity

A

Space that holds synovial fluid

22
Q

Articular capsule

A

Encloses joint cavity

Fibrous membranous capsule

23
Q

Synovial fluid

A

Viscous fluid inside the joint cavity

24
Q

Flexion

A 
Decreases angle between the bones
Arm: all the way forward
Forearm: all the way up from elbow forward
Fingers: folded down at joints
Wrist: forward
Thumb: flat against palm
Thigh: all the way forward
Leg: bent backwards and knee
25
Q

Extension

A 
Increases angle between the bones
Arm: all the way back
Forearm: elbox straight
Fingers: flat hand
Wrist: backwards
Thumb: outwards, in plane with hand
Thigh: all the way back
Leg: straight leg
26
Q

Abduction

A

Moving a limb away from the body
Arm: Parallel to ground, outward
Wrist: hand moves inward in pinky direction
Fingers: fingers apart
Thumb: thumb inline with fingers
Thigh: lifts leg outwards (widening legs)

27
Q

Adduction

A 
Moving a limb towards the body
Arm: flat against body, down
Wrist: hand moves outward in thumb direction
Fingers: fingers together
Thigh: legs close together
28
Q

Circumduction

A

Flexion, extension, abduction and adduction together to give circular motion

29
Q

Rotation

A

Movement of bone around longitudinal axis

30
Q

Gliding

A

Sliding the flat surfaces of two bones across each other

31
Q

Flexed knee

A

Can also rotate medially and laterally
Unflexed: locked
Joint is most complex in body

32
Q

Opposition of thumb

A

Thumb towards fingers: as to pick them up

33
Q

Dorsiflexion

A

Ankle upward

Foot pointing upwards

34
Q

Plantarflexion

A

Ankle downward

Foot pointing downward

Anatomy 3010 (12 decks)

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