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Anatomy 3010 > Lecture 10 > Flashcards

Lecture 10 Flashcards

1
Q

Blister

A

Seperation of dermis from epidermis

Acute severe friction

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2
Q

Callus

A

Thickening of epidermis

Chronic friction

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3
Q

Epidermis

A

Superficial epithelial tissue

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4
Q

Dermis

A

Deeper fibrous connective tissue

Vascularized

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5
Q

Hypodermis

A

Fatty layer under dermis
Superficial fascia, subcutaneous layer
Adipose and areolar connective tissue
Thickens during weight gain

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6
Q

Epidermis

A

Different layers of cells at different life stages

5 strata

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7
Q

Stratum basal

A

Cuboid cells right above dermis
Cells are constantly dividing
Contains melanocytes

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8
Q

Stratum spinosum

A

Cells look like that have sharp spiny edges
Attached to one another with desmosomes
Pre-keratin

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9
Q

Stratum granulosum

A

Cells have keratohyalin granules

Thick cell membrane

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10
Q

Stratum lucidum

A

Only in areas with thick skin
Cells are dead, with no organelles or nucleus
Filled with keratin

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11
Q

Stratum corneum

A

Top most layer
Cells are dead
No organelles/nucleus
Filled with keratin

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12
Q

Keratinocytes

A

Cells of the skin

Produce keratin

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13
Q

Melanocytes

A

Produce melanin

Increase production in response to UV light

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14
Q

Merkel’s cells

A

Touch receptors of the skill

Connected to nerves

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15
Q

Dendritic cells

A

Immune cells in skin

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16
Q

Dermal papillae

A

Epidermal/dermal ridges
Increase friction and grip
Sweat pores open along the crests of the ridges

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17
Q

Three pigments

A
  1. Melanin
  2. Carotene
  3. Hemoglobin
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18
Q

Melanin

A

Yellow to reddish to brown to black
Different types
Without it, epidermis would be translucent
Provides protection from UV rays

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19
Q

Carotene

A

Yellow-orange pigment

Accumulates in stratum corneum and hypodermis

20
Q

Melanin granules

A

On superficial side of keratinocytes

21
Q

Light skin

A

Melanin is digested by lysosomes short distance from basal layer
Not digested in dark skin

22
Q

Dangers of UV rays

A

Sunlight decreases production of folic acid (anticancer)

Production of melanin to prevent loss of folic acid

23
Q

Essentialness of UV rays

A

Needed during pregnancy to prevent neural tube defects

Sunlight stimulates deep epidermis production of VitD

24
Q

Freckles

A

Increased melanin in stratum basale

Due to repeated exposure to light

25
Q

Moles

A

Clusters of melanocytes converted into a melanin containing cell

26
Q

Transdermal patch

A

Drug molecules diffuse through epidermis into dermis

Works well with small, lipid soluble molecules

27
Q

Appendages of skin

A

Nails, hair/follicles, sebaceous glands, sweat glands

28
Q

Nails

A 
Modified epidermis, dead keratinized cells
Hard keratin (unlike skin)
29
Q

Nail bed

A

Deep layers of epidermis

30
Q

Pink part of nail

A

Due to rich underlying capillaries

31
Q

Lunule

A

Thick bed called nail matrix

Active growing part

32
Q

Hair

A

Flexible strand of dead cells filled with keratin
Root and shaft
Melanocytes at base of hair follicle - different proportions in types of melanin give colours
Stem cells found in external root sheath

33
Q

Round hair shaft

A

Straight hair

34
Q

Oval hair shaft

A

Wavy hair

35
Q

Flat hair shaft

A

Kinky hair

36
Q

Grey hair

A

Decreased melanin and colourless air bubbles

37
Q

Hair follicle

A

Hair bulb and hair follicle receptor
Stem cells found in external root sheath
Hair papilla with capillaries

38
Q

Arrector pili

A

Raiser of hair, goose bumbs

Small muscle from follicle to epidermis

39
Q

Sebaceous glands

A

Oil glands of skin
Associated with hair follicles
Secretion soften and lubricates hair and skin
Holocrine secretion: miniature explosion, death of cell

40
Q

Acne

A

So much sebum: blocks the gland
White head is oxidized to black head
Infected sebaceous glands give pimples

41
Q

Burns

A

Tissue damage due to heat, electricity, radiation, extreme friction, chemicals
Infection or dehydration

42
Q

First degree burn

A

Damage to epidermis

Redness, swelling, pain

43
Q

Second degree burn

A

Damage to epidermis and upper dermi

Blisters

44
Q

Third degree burn

A

Entire thickness of skin
White, red or black discolouration
Autograft required

45
Q

Autograft

A

Skin from other parts of patients body grafter to burned area

46
Q

Artificial skin

A

Skin made from bovine collagen dermis and epidermis made of silicon

Anatomy 3010 (12 decks)

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