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Anatomy 3010 > Lecture 4 > Flashcards

Lecture 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomical orientation

A

Person stands erect, palms facing anteriorly Thumbs pointed away from the body

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2
Q

Axial skeleton

A

Skull, vertebral column, thoracic cage

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3
Q

Appendicular skeleton

A

Pectoral (shoulder) girdle, upper limb, pelvic girdle, lower limb

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4
Q

Skull

A

Entire skeleton of the head and the face, including the mandible

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5
Q

Mandible

A

Only movable bone in the skull

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6
Q

Cranium

A

Skull without the mandible

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7
Q
A

Frontal bone

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8
Q
A

Parietal bones (2)

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9
Q
A

Temporal bones (2)

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10
Q
A

Occipital bone

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11
Q
A

Sphenoid bone

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12
Q
A

Ethmoid bone

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13
Q
A

Zygomatic bones

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14
Q
A

Maxillae (2)

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15
Q
A

Nasal bones (2)

Only bones in nose

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16
Q
A

Lacrimal bones (2)

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17
Q

Sutures

A

Joints between bones

Type of joint with no movement

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18
Q
A

Sagittal suture

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19
Q
A

Lambdoid suture

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20
Q
A

Bregma

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21
Q
A

Lambda

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22
Q

Foramen magnum

A

Large opening in the occipital bone

Spinal cord passes through

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23
Q

Occipital condyles

A

Provide articular surfaces for the first cervical vertebra

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24
Q

Fontanelles

A

Unfused gaps in skull of fetus and neonate

Movement possible between unfused bones

At birth, fontanelles are closed by membrane

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25
Q

Vertebral column

A

Houses spinal canal which houses the spinal cord

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26
Q

Vertebrae

A

Normally 33

7 cervical

12 thoracic

5 lumbar

5 sacral

4 coccygeal

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27
Q

Cervical vertebrae

A

7

C1: atlas

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28
Q

Thoracic vertebrae

A

12

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29
Q

Lumbar vertebrae

30
Q

Sacral vertebrae

A

5

Fused, form sacrum

31
Q

Coccygeal vertebrae

A

4

Fused, form coccyx (tailbone)

32
Q

Primary curvatures

A

Present in fetus

Thoracic and sacral regions

33
Q

Secondary curvatures

A

Develop after birth

Cervical and lumbar regions

34
Q

Cervical curvature

A

Secondary curvature

Develops when infant starts lifting its head

35
Q

Lumbar curvature

A

Secondary curvature

Develops when child begins to walk

36
Q

Lordosis

A

Inward curve

Cervical and lumbar curves

37
Q

Kyphosis

A

Outward curve

Thoracic and sacral curves

38
Q

Scoliosis

A

Abnormal lateral curvature of the spine

C or S shaped

39
Q

Vertebra

A

Two parts: vertebral body and vertebral arch

Enclose vertebral foramen

40
Q

Vertebral body

A

Anterior to vertebral arch

Smallest body in cervical vertebrae

41
Q

Vertebral foramen

A

Enclosed by vertebral body and arch

Contains spinal cord

42
Q

Vertebral arch

A

Posterior to body

Carries vertebral processes

43
Q

Thoracic cage

A

Consists of sternum, 12 pairs of ribs, costal cartilages, 12 thoracic vertebrae

Protects viscera, supports shoulder girdles and upper limbs

44
Q

Intercostal muscles

A

Housed in thoracic cage

Active during breathing

45
Q

Ribs

A

Attached posteriorly to thoracic vertebrae

46
Q

True ribs

A

Ribs 1-7

Attached anteriorly directly to the sternum through costal cartilages

47
Q

False ribs

A

Ribs 8-10

Attach to sternum through costal cartilages above them

48
Q

Floating ribs

A

Ribs 11-12

Do not attach to the sternum

49
Q

Typical ribs

A

Ribs 2-9

Attach to the bodies of vertebrae of the corresponding number and above, to the tranverse process of the corresponding vertebra and the sternum

50
Q

A-typical ribs

A

Attached to one vertebra of the corresponding number

51
Q

Pectoral girdle

A

Shoulder girdle

Clavicles and scapulae

Attaches upper limbs to the trunk and proves attachment for many muscles that move the upper limb

52
Q

Clavicle

A

Part of pectoral girdle

Only bony connection of the upper limb to the trunk (all other attachments are musclar)

53
Q

Upper limb bones

A

Humerus, radium, ulna and bones in hand

54
Q

Arm

A

Shoulder to elbow

Only one bone: humerus

55
Q

Forearm

A

Elbow to wrist

Lateral: radius (head is proximal)

Medial: ulna (head is distal)

56
Q

Humerus

A

Head

Greater and lesser tubercles (on head)

Anatomical and surgical necks

Shaft

Medial and lateral condyles

Usually breaks at surgical neck (proximal)

57
Q

Digits

A

All fingers plus thumb

58
Q

Bones in the hand

A

Carpal (wrist bones): 8

Metacarpals (5)

Phalanges (14)

59
Q

Pelvic girdle

A

Two hip bones and sacrum

Attaches lower lumb to spine

Carries weight of upper body

Supports viscera

60
Q

Hip bone

A

Large, irregular shaped

Consists of pubis, ilium and ischium (all fused)

Fuse during development at pit where head of femur sits

61
Q

Bones of the lower limb

A

Femur, tibia, fibula and bones in the foot

Hip to tip of toe

62
Q

Bones in thigh

63
Q

Femur

A

Head, neck

Greater and lesser trochanters located below neck

Shaft

Medial and lateral condyles

64
Q

Patella

A

Knee cap

Small sesamoid bone

Protects knee joint and improves muscle action across the knee

Within tendons

Apex is located inferiorly

65
Q

Leg

A

Below the knee

66
Q

Bones in the leg

A

Tibia and fibula

67
Q

Tibia

A

Main weight-bearing bone

Medial and lateral condyles articulate within the femoral condyles

68
Q

Fibula

A

Slender bone, lateral to tibia

Proximal end is head

69
Q

Malleoli

A

Lateral and medial

Formed by distal ends of fibula and tibia

70
Q

Bones in foot

A

7 Tarsals

5 Metatarsals

14 Phalanges

Anatomy 3010 (12 decks)

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