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Anatomy 3010 > Lecture 8 > Flashcards

Lecture 8 Flashcards

1
Q

Major types of blood vessels (3)

A
  1. Arteries
  2. Capillaries
  3. Veins
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2
Q

Arteries

A

Carry blood away from heart

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3
Q

Capillaries

A

The smallest blood vessels
RBC pass through single file
Site specific functions

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4
Q

Veins

A

Recieve blood from venules and bring it back to heart

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5
Q

Three layers of blood vessels

A

Called tunics

  1. Tunica intima
  2. Tunica media
  3. Tunica externa
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6
Q

Tunica intima

A

Innermost and comprises of simple squamous epithelium

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7
Q

Tunica media

A

Sheets of smooth muscle and elastic fibers

Vasocontraction/dilation

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8
Q

Tunica externa

A

Composed of connective tissue and vasa vasorum

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9
Q

Vase vasorum

A

Blood vessels to supply blood vessels

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10
Q

Types of arteries (3)

A
  1. Elastic
  2. Muscular
  3. Arterioles
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11
Q

Elastic arteries

A

Largest arteries
Includes aorta and major branches
Sometimes called conducting arteries
High elastin content (dampens surge of blood pressure)
Allows for continuous blood supply to tissue (instead of intermittenly due to pumping)

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12
Q

Muscular arteries

A

Distributing arteries
Lie distal to elastic arteries
Includes most named arteries
Tunica media is thick

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13
Q

Types of capillaries (3)

A
  1. Continuous
  2. Fenestrated
  3. Sinusoid
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14
Q

Continuous capillary

A

Least permeable, most common

Intercellular clefts: tight

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15
Q

Fenestrated capillary

A

Large fenestrations, increased permeability

Occurs in areas of active absorption or filtration

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16
Q

Sinusoid capillary

A

Most permeable
Occurs in specialized locations (liver, bone marrow, spleen)
Wide open intercellular cleft

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17
Q

Venules

A

Smallest veins, join to form veins

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18
Q

Veins

A

Larger lumen then arteries
Thicker tunica externa
Less elastin in walls
Walls thinner than comparable arteries

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19
Q

Valves

A

Prevent backflow of blood

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20
Q

Skeletal muscle pump

A

Muscles press against thin-walled veins

21
Q

Pulmonary trunk

A

Leaves right ventricle

Divides into right and left pulmonary arteries

22
Q

Superior and inferior pulmonary veins

A

Carry oxygenated blood into the left atrium

23
Q

Vessels of pulmonary circuit

A

Thinner walls than systemic vessels

Arterial pressure lower in pulmonary circuit

24
Q

Systemic circulation

A

Systemic arteries, carry oxygenated blood away from the heart

25
Q

Aorta

A

Largest artery in body

Divides into left and right common iliac arteries in abdomen

26
Q

Ascending aorta

A

Arises from the left ventricle, branches into coronary arteries

27
Q

Aortic arch (3)

A 
Lies posterior to the manubrium
Branches into: 
1. Brachiocephalic trunk
2. Left common carotid
3. Left subclavian artery
28
Q

Descending aorta

A

Continues from aortic arch

Thoracic and abdominal aorta

29
Q

Abdominal aorta

A

Divides into right and left common iliac arteries

30
Q

Carotid arteries

A

Pair of arteries supplying head and neck

31
Q

Brachial artery

A

In inner elbow

32
Q

Radial artery

A

In inner wrist

33
Q

Superficial temporal artery

34
Q

Facial artery

A

In cheek/jaw

35
Q

Femoral artery

A

Inner pelvis

36
Q

Popliteal artery

A

Behind knee

37
Q

Posterior tibial artery

A

Inner ankle

38
Q

Dorsalis pedis artery

A

Top of foot

39
Q

Anastomoses

A

Neighbouring vessels interconnecting
Too prevent loss of blood flow to tissue
ie. Circle of Willis in the brain

40
Q

Systemic veins

A

Accompany all medium and large arteries
Superficial veins lie just beneath the skin
Unusual patterns of venous drainage (dural sinuses, hepatic portal system)

41
Q

Vena cava (2)

A
  1. Superior vena cava

2. Inferior vena cava

42
Q

Superior vena cava

A

Returns blood from body regions superior to the diaphragm

Drains into the right atrium

43
Q

Inferior vena cava

A

Returns blood form body regions inferior to the diaphragm

Drains into the right atrium

44
Q

Superficial veins of the limbs

A

Visible beneath the skin

45
Q

Superficial veins of the upper limb

A

Cephalic, basalic vein

Median cubital vein (used to obtain blood or administer IV fluids)

46
Q

Superficial veins of the lower limb

A

Great saphenous vein (used in coronary artery bypass graph)

Small saphenous vein

47
Q

Hepatic portal system

A

Specialized part of the vascular circuit
Picks up digested nutrients and delivers them tot he liver for processing
Two capillary beds: 1st to stomach and intestines, 2nd to liver sinusoid

48
Q

Varicose veins

A 
Dilated and tortuous superfical veins
Become highly twisted and visible
Valves stop functioning
Usually in greater or small saphenous veins
Massive bleeding of ruptured
49
Q

Disorders of blood vessels (6)

A
  1. Aneurysm
  2. Deep vein thrombosis of the lower limb
  3. Venous disease
  4. Microangiopathy of diabetes
  5. Arteriovenous malformation
  6. Atherosclerosis

Anatomy 3010 (12 decks)

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