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Anatomy 3010 > Lecture 6 > Flashcards

Lecture 6 Flashcards

1
Q

Trunk

A

Or torso
Central part of body
Excludes head, neck and limbs
Includes thorax, abdomen and pelvis

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2
Q

Muscles of the trunk

A

Axial muscles
Movement of the trunk and maintaining posture
Other functions: respiration, support and compression of abdominal and pelvic viscera

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3
Q

Axial muscles

A

Lie anterior and posterior to the body axis

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4
Q

Main muscle groups of the trunk (4)

A
  1. Intrinsic (deep) muscles of the back
  2. Respiratory muscles of the thorax
  3. Muscles of the anterolateral abdominal wall
  4. Muscles of the pelvic floor
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5
Q

General rules of muscle function (4)

A
  1. Muscle has to cross joint to produce movement at that joint
  2. Muscles shorten when they contract
  3. Muscles cannot push, only pull
  4. Muscle position as it crosses joint determines the muscle action
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6
Q

Muscles that produce flexion

A

Muscles that cross on the anterior side of the joint

***Does not apply to knee and ankle

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7
Q

Muscles that produce extension

A

Muscles that cross on the posterior side of the joint

***Does not apply to knee and ankle

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8
Q

General muscle functions (4)

A
  1. Prime movers or agonists
  2. Antagonists
  3. Synergists
  4. Fixators
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9
Q

Primer movers/agonists

A

Muscles that have major responsibility for producing a specific movement

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10
Q

Antagonists

A

Produce opposite movements
Work against each other
Usually lie on opposite sides of a joint

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11
Q

Synergists

A

Work together with other muscles

Help the prime movers

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12
Q

Fixators

A

Hold a bone firmly in place so that a prime mover can exert its function

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13
Q

Movements of the trunk

A

Extension: bend backwards
Flexion: bend forward
Lateral flexion
Rotation

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14
Q

Intrinsic muscles of the back (2)

A
  1. Erector spinae

2. Quadratus lumborum

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15
Q

Erector spinae

A

Largest deep muscle of the back: from hip to head
Some attachment to ribs
Has 3 parts
Extends trunk/spine bilaterally, responsible for erect posture
Lateral flexion of trunk: unilaterally

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16
Q

Quadratus lumborum

A

Deal muscle of the back in the lumbar region
Lateral flexion of the trunk
Resists gravity and movement of the flexors to prevent falling and make movement smooth

17
Q

Respiratory muscles of thorax (3)

A
  1. Diaphragm
  2. Intercostal muscles
  3. Accessory muscles of respiration
18
Q

Diaphragm

A

Separates thoracic from abdominal cavity
Penetrated by structures that pass through both cavities
Main muscle of respiration

19
Q

Intercostal muscles (3)

A 
Maintain the spacing between ribs
Involved in elevation and depression of ribs during respiration
1. External
2. internal
3. Innermost intercostal
20
Q

External intercostal muscle

A

Outermost

Lateral, but slanted inward

21
Q

Internal intercostal muscle

A

Middle
Lateral, but perpendicular to external
Contract in active expiration

22
Q

Innermost intercostal muscle

A

Innermost

Same direction as internal intercostal muscle

23
Q

Accessory muscles of respiration (1)

A
  1. Pectoralis minor
24
Q

Pectoralis minor

A

Accessory muscle of respiration
Attaches to the scapula and the ribs 3-5
Elevates ribs in inspiration

25
Q

Abdominal wall muscles (4)

A 
3 lateral flat muscles, with similar orientation to intercostal muscles
1. External oblique
2. Internal oblique
3. Transverse abdominis
1 anterior vertical muscle
1. Rectus abdominis
26
Q

Rectus

A

Straight in latin

27
Q

Functions of the abdominal wall muscles

A

Support abdominal viscera
Compress the abdomen and increase the pressure upon abdominal viscera
Play an important part in movement of the trunk

28
Q

Aponeurosis

A

Flat membranous sheet

between muscles

29
Q

Oblique muscles

A

Working bilaterally: flex the trunk
Working unilaterally: side flex the trunk
External oblique of one side and internal oblique of opposite side work together to rotate the trunk
Contralateral external and internal run as a belt

30
Q

Transverse abdominis muscle

A

Compresses abdominal contents

31
Q

Rectus abdominis muscle

A

Important flexor of the trunk

Lies over membranous sheet at midline

32
Q

Levator ani

A

Made of 2 muscles
Main muscle of pelvic floor
Supports anal canal

33
Q

Pelvic floor

A

Or pelvic diaphragm
Made of coccygeus and levator ani
Weak muscles can cause incontinence

Anatomy 3010 (12 decks)

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