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Anatomy 3010 > Lecture 11 (Digestive System) > Flashcards

Lecture 11 (Digestive System) Flashcards

1
Q

Ailmentary canal

A

Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine

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2
Q

Accessory digestive organs

A

Teeth, tongue, gallbladder, salivary glands, liver, pancreas

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3
Q

Digestive processes (6)

A
  1. Ingestion
  2. Propulsion
  3. Mechanical breakdown
  4. Chemical digestion
  5. Absorption
  6. Defecation
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4
Q

Ingestion

A

Through the mouth

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5
Q

Propulsion

A

Movement of food, peristalsis

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6
Q

Mechanical breakdown

A

Prepares food for chemical digestion

Chewing, churning food in stomach, segmentation

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7
Q

Chemical digestion

A

Complex molecules broken down to chemical components

Occurs in mouth, stomach and small intestine

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8
Q

Absorption

A

Transport of digested nutrients

Mainly in small intestine

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9
Q

Defecation

A

Elimination of indigestible substances as feces

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10
Q

Peristalsis

A

Adjacent segments of alimentary tract organs alternately contract and relax, moving food along the tract distally

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11
Q

Segmentation

A

Non-adjacent segments of alimentary tract organs alternately contract and relax
Moving food forward and backwards
Food is mixed and slowly propelled
Rhythmic contractions mix food with digestive juices

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12
Q

Regions of the abdomen (9)

A
  1. Right hypochondriac region
  2. Epigastric region
  3. Left hypochondriac region
  4. Right lumbar region
  5. Umbilical region
  6. Left lumbar region
  7. Right iliac (inguinal) region
  8. Hypogastric (pubic) region
  9. Left iliac (inguinal) region
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13
Q

Right hypochondriac region

A

Upper (your) right

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14
Q

Epigastric region

A

Upper middle

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15
Q

Left hypochondriac

A

Upper (your) left

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16
Q

Right lumbar region

A

Middle (your) right

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17
Q

Umbilical region

A

Middle middle

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18
Q

Left lumbar region

A

Middle (your) left

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19
Q

Right iliac (inguinal) region

A

Lower (your) right

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20
Q

Hypogastric (public region)

A

Lower middle

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21
Q

Left iliac (inguinal) region

A

Lower (your) left

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22
Q

Mid-clavicular lines

A

Divide abdomen longitudinally into 3 sections

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23
Q

Subcostal line

A

Under ribs

Upper line dividing abdominal regions

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24
Q

Trans-tubercule line

A

Lower horizontal line dividing abdominal regions

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25
Q

Stomach divisions (3)

A
  1. Fundus
  2. Body
  3. Pyloris
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26
Q

Pyloric sphincter

A

At bottom of stomach, designates how much fluid enters the duodenum

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27
Q

Layers of the GI tract (4)

A
  1. Mucosa
  2. Submucosa
  3. Muscularis
  4. Serosa
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28
Q

Mucosa (3)

A

Innermost layer, lumen

  1. Epithelium
  2. Lamina propria
  3. Muscularis mucosa
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29
Q

Submucosa (3)

A

Next to mucosa

  1. Connective tissue
  2. Blood vessels
  3. Nerves
30
Q

Muscularis Externa (2)

A

Between submucosa and serosa

  1. Inner circular layers
  2. Outer longitudinal layers
31
Q

Serosa

A

Outermost layer of Gi tract
Peritoneum
Epithelium and connective tissue

32
Q

Epithelium of esophagus

A

Stratified squamous non-keratinized

33
Q

Epithelium of stomach

A

Simple columnar epithelium with gastric pits

34
Q

Epithelium of small intestine

A

Simple columnar epithelium with microvilli

35
Q

Large intestine

A

Simple columnar epithelium with numerous goblet cells

36
Q

Surface mucous cell

A

Mucosal layer of stomach

Secretes mucous

37
Q

Mucous neck cell

A

Mucosal layer of stomach

Secretes mucous

38
Q

Parietal cell

A

Mucosal layer of stomach

Secretes HCl and gastric intrinsic factor

39
Q

Chief cell

A

Mucosal layer of stomach

Secretes pepsinogen, beginning protein digestion

40
Q

Enteroendocrine cell (stomach)

A

Mucosal layer of stomach

Secretes gastrin, which stimulates secretion from parietal cells

41
Q

Enterocyte

A

In small intestine

Completes digestion and absorbs nutrients across microvilli

42
Q

Goblet cell

A

In small intestine

Secretes mucus

43
Q

Enteroendocrine cell (small intestine)

A

Secretes secretin or cholecystokinin, which stimulates the release of bile and pancreatic juices and inhibits stomach secretions

44
Q

Paneth cell

A

In small intestine

Secretes substances that destroy bacteria

45
Q

Colonocyte

A

In colon

Absorbs water, electrolytes and vitamins

46
Q

Peptic ulcers

A

Caused by stomach acid
Parietal cells and mucous cells are in balance
If there is too much HCl and not enough mucus, there will be ulcers

47
Q

Peritoneum

A

Serous membrane that forms the lining of the abdominal cavity

48
Q

Peritoneal cavity

A

Slit like potential space between visceral and abdominal peritoneum

49
Q

Mesentery

A

Double layer of peritoneum
Holds organs in place
Sites of fat storage
Provides a route for circulatory vessels and nerves

50
Q

Dorsal mesenteries (3)

A
  1. Greater omentum
  2. Transverse mesocolon
  3. Sigmoid mesocolon
51
Q

Greater omentum

A

Dorsal mesentery
Connects greater curvature of stomach to posterior abdominal wall
Fatty apron

52
Q

Transverse mesocolon

A

Dorsal mesentery

Holds transverse colon in place

53
Q

Sigmoidal mesocolon

A

Dorsal mesentery

Connects sigmoid colon to posterior pelvic wall

54
Q

Retroperitoneal organs

A

Behind the peritoneum

Fixed to the wall

55
Q

Peritoneal organs

A

Digestive organs that keep their mesentery

56
Q

Intraperitoneal organs

A

Have movement

57
Q

Liver

A

Secretes bile

58
Q

Bile

A

Makes fat soluble in water, emulsifies

Stored in gallbladder

59
Q

Hepatocyte

A

Functional cells of the liver

60
Q

Portal triad (3)

A
  1. Bile duct tributary
  2. Branch of hepatic portal vein
  3. Branch of hepatic artery
61
Q

Hepatic macrophages

A

Destroy bacteria

62
Q

Gallbladder

A

Stores and concentrates bile

Expels bile into the duodenum

63
Q

Cholecystokinin

A

Released from enteroendocrine cells in response to fatty chyme

64
Q

Jaundice

A

Yellowish discolouration of skin and mucous membrane
Especially in sclera of the eye
Due to increased levels of bilirubin in blood

65
Q

Bilirubin

A

Part of heme break down

Yellow in colour

66
Q

Circular folds of small intestine

A

Transverse diges of mucosa and submucosa

67
Q

Villi (small intestine)

A

Fingerlike projections of the mucosa and covered with simple columnar epithelium

68
Q

Microvilli (small intestine)

A

Further increase surface area for absorption

69
Q

Large intestine

A

Small amount of digestion by bacteria
Absorb water and electrolytes
Mass peristaltic movements force feces towards rectum

70
Q

Subdivision of large intestine

A

Cecum, appendix, colon, rectum, anal canal

71
Q

Anal canal

A

Lined with stratified squamous epithelium

72
Q

Hemorrhoids

A

Varicose veins of the hemorrhoidal veins of anal canal
Straining at stool or at delivery of a baby
External hemorrhoids: itchy and painful
Internal hemorrhoids: not painful

Anatomy 3010 (12 decks)

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