Lecture 9 Flashcards
Testes -> Leydig cells
testosterone
smooth muscle that wrinkles scrotal skin
dartos
how many degrees cooler are the testes outside the body?
3 degree celcius
bands of muslce that lifts the testes
cremaster
everything that goes into the scrotum is bundled in the
spermatic cord
tunic derived from peritoneum
tunica vaginalis
fibrous tunic of testis
tunica albuginea
testis divided by septa into how many tubules
250-300
each lobule contains how many seminiferous tubules
1-4
how many sperm are made
1000 per heart-beat
How many sperm are “normal”?
20%
tubules converge to for the
tubulus rectus
straight tubulus rectus conveys the sperm to the
rete testis
Sperm leave the restis via
efferent ductules
Sperm enter the
epididymis
interstitial cells that surround the seminiferous tubules
Cells of Leydig that produce androgens
Factory floor
seminiferous tubules
order of sperm travel
what happens in epididymis?
testosterone-dependent maturation
epididymid holds how many sperm?
1 billion
main propulsive force for ejaculation
smooth muscle (sympathetic) in tail of spididymis
order of urerthral sections
prostatic, membranous, spongy or penile
seminal vesicles produce what volume of semen?
60%
viscous alkaline fluid containing fructose, ascorbic acid,
coagulating enzyme [vesiculase], and prostaglandins
semen
doughnut-shaped gland that encircles part of the urethra inferior to the bladder
prostate
PSA
prostate specific antigen
fxns of PSA
liquifies semen and sperm, dissolve the mucous cap on cervix.
High levels of PSA are associated with
cancer and infection
isoPSA can cut unnecessary biopsies by
50%
glands that make pre-ejaculate that neutralizes acidic urine in urethra
bulbourethral glands (cowpers)
sticky mixture of sperm and accessory gland secretions
semen
sperm fed by
fructose
decreses viscosity of mucus in cervix
prostaglandins
stimulates reverse peristalsis in uterus
prostaglandins
antibiotic chemical that destroys certain bacteria
seminalplasmin
coagulates semen immediately after ejaculation
clotting factors
liquefies the sticky mass
fibrinolysin
prepuce
foreskin
surrounds the urethra and expands to form the glans and bulb of the penis, keeps urethra OPEN
corpus spongiosum
paired dorsal erectile bodies bound by fibrous tunica
albuginea
corpora cavernosa
erection caused by
PNS reflex promotes the release of nitric oxide, erectile tissue fills with blood
average volume of semen per ejaculation
2 to 6 ml
average volume of semen per ejaculation
2 to 6 ml
average number of times a man will ejaculate in his lifetime
5000
average total amount of lifetime ejaculate
17 litres
average number of sperm cells in the ejaculate of a healthy man
40 million to 600 million
distance sperm travels to fertilize and ovum
7.5 to 10 cm, 3-4 inches
sperm lifespace
2.5 mo
sperm lifespan after ejaculation
30 seconds to 6 days
total sperm travel route
somatic cell has how many chromosomes
46, 23 Pairs, DIPLOID, 2N
gametes have how many chromosomes
23, haploid, 1N
halving chromosomes from 2N to N
Meiosis
sperm formation
creation of daughter cells from spermatogonium through this process
mitosis, creates type A and type B daughters, A becomes stem cell, B becomes spermatocyte
replicating chromosomes
mitosis
halving chromosomes
meiosis
spermatogenic cells give rise to spemr through these three events
Cells that remain at the basement membrane and maintain the germ line
Type A cells
cells that move toward the lumen and become primary spermatocytes
Type B cells
look at da piture
three parts of sperm
indirectly stimulates the testes through: folliclestimulatinghormone[FSH] luteinizinghormone[LH]
GnRH, gonadotropin releasing hormone
which directly stimulate the testes
gonadotropins
which exert negative feedback controls
testicular hormones
FSH causes sustentacular cells to release
androgen- binding protein [ABP]
is the basis of libido in both males and females
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