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A+P 1 > Lecture 7 > Flashcards

Lecture 7 Flashcards

1
Q

Muscle that provides the major force for producing a specific movement

A

Prime Mover (Agonist)

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2
Q

Muscle that does opposite action of an Agonist

A

Antagonist

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3
Q

Helpers to the Agonist

A

Synergists

adds force to a movement and reduces unwanted movements

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4
Q

Muscles that immovilize a bone or muscle’s origin

A

Fixators (super-agonists)

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5
Q

When fascicles run parallel to the long axis of muscle

A

Parallel

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6
Q

Spindle-shaped muscles

A

Fusiform

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7
Q

Short fascicles that attach obliquely to a central tendon running the length of muscle

A

Pennate

unipennate, bipennate, multipennate

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8
Q

Fascicles converge from broad origin to single tendon

A

Convergent

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9
Q

Fascicles are arranged in concentric rings

A

Circular
Sphincters

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10
Q

Pivot point, usually fixed, sometimes a joint

A

Fulcrum

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11
Q

Bone that pivots

A

lever

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12
Q

Force applied to a lever

A

Effort

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13
Q

Resistance moved by the effort

A

Load

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14
Q

The fulcrum is between the load and the effort

A

first class

see-saw, scissors

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15
Q

The load is betwen the fulcrum and the effort

A

second class

head on top of spine, wheelbarrow, standing on tip toes

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16
Q

the effort is applied between the fulcrum and the load

A

third class

bicep curls

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17
Q

Two parts of the occipitofrontalis muscle

A

frontalis (anterior)
galea aponeurotica (nuerosis)
occipitalis (posterior)

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18
Q

function of occipitofrontalis

A

scalp forward and back, raise eyebrows in schock/surprise, wrinkles forhead, smiling, yawning, wiggling ears

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19
Q

11 muscles of face innervated by

A

Cranial nerve vii, Facial Nerve

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20
Q

blinker, squinter

A

orbicularis oculi

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21
Q

kissing, whistling

A

orbicularis oris

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22
Q

elevate upper eyelid

A

levator palpebrae

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23
Q

muscular cheek, assists whistling, blowing

A

buccinator

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24
Q

smile

A

zygomaticus major/minor

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25
Q

prime movers for mastication

A

temporalis and masseter

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26
Q

grinding movements in chewing

A

medial and lateral pterygoids

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27
Q

All four major mastication muscles innervated by

A

trigeminal nerve (V), mandibular branch (V3)

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28
Q

elevate and restract the mandible

A

temporalis

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29
Q

elevate and protract mandible

A

masseter

30
Q

protrude mantible, deviate contralaterally (to opposite side)

A

medial pterygoids

31
Q

protrude mantible, deviate contralaterally (to opposite side)

A

lateral pterygoids

32
Q

tongue muscles innervated by

A

Cranial Nerve XII (hypoglossal nerve)

33
Q

Three tongue muscles

A

Styloglossus
Hyoglossus
Genioglossus

34
Q

forms bulk of tongue, depresses and protrudes tongue, implicated in sleep apnea

A

Genioglossus

35
Q

retract the tongue, and create a hollow in the center of the tongue for swallowing

A

Styloglossus

36
Q

depress the lateral sides of the tongue inferiorly

A

Hyoglossus

37
Q

deppress hyoid

A

infrahyoid

38
Q

elevate hyoid

A

suprahyoid

39
Q

Posterior traingle border muscles

A

Anterior - sternocleidomastoid
Posterior - trapezius
Inferior - middle third of clavicle

40
Q

Anterior triangle border muscles

A

Anterior - Midline of neck
Posterior - Sternocleidomastoid
Superior - mandible

41
Q

Major head flexor

A

sternocleidomastoid

42
Q

synergists to head flexion

A

supra and infra hydoid

43
Q

lateral head movements

A

SCM and scalene

44
Q

head extension

A

deep splenius, aided by superficial trapezius

45
Q

Splenius muscles run

A

obliquely

46
Q

Splenius muscles used unilaterally

A

rotate and laterally flex ipsilaterally

47
Q

Splenius used bilaterally

A

extend neck

48
Q

Splenius used bilaterally

A

extend neck

49
Q

Prime mover of back extension

A

erector spinae, sacrospinalis

50
Q

From lateral to medial, erector spinae muscles

A

Illiocostalis
Longissimus
Spinalis

51
Q

Function of back muscle layers 1-3

A

superficial and move limbs

52
Q

Function of back muscle layers 4-6

A

deep and move vertebral column and aid in posture

53
Q

Superficial back muscles

Layer 1

A

trapezius, latissimus dorsi

54
Q

Superficial back muscles

Layer 2

A

Rhomboid maj and min, lavator scapulae

55
Q

Superficial back muscles

Layer 3

A

Serratus posterior superior (elevates ribs, inspiration)
Serratus posterior inferios (depresses ribs, expiration)

56
Q

Deep back muscles

Layer 4

A

Splenius capitis and cervicis

57
Q

Deep back muscles

Layer 5

A

Erector spinae group (3 divisions)
iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis

58
Q

Deep back muscles

Layer 6

A

rotatores – extend 1-2 segments
multifidus – extend 3-4 segments
semispinalis – extend >4 segments
interspinales – SP to SP
intertransversarii – TP to TP

59
Q
A

rotatores – extend 1-2 segments

60
Q
A

Multifidus

61
Q
A

Semispinalis

62
Q
A

interspinales

63
Q
A

intertransversarii

64
Q

Muscles for breathing

A

External intercostals, internal intercostals, diaphragm

65
Q

Nerve supply to diaphragm

A

Phrenic nerve, C3-C5
“3, 4, 5 keeps the diaphragm alive!”

66
Q

muscles of abdominal wall

A

internal and external obliques
transversus abdominis
rectus abdominis

67
Q

Fascicles of abdominal muscles run at right/oblique angles, called

A

orthogonal, adds strength

68
Q

Connective tissues of abdominal wall

A
69
Q

pelvic diaphragm is composed of what two mucles

A

levator ani
coccygeus

70
Q

Go to text book if you care

A

A+P 1 (12 decks)

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