Lecture 11 Flashcards
bronze medal winner sti
syphallis
respiratory zone
- site of gas exchange
- consists of bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and alveoli
conducting zone
- provides rigid conduits for air to reach the sites of gas
exchange - includes all other respiratory structures [e.g., nose, nasal cavity, pharynx, trachea]
primary respiratory muscles
diaphragm and external intercostals
hairs in nose that filter coarse particles from air
vibrissae
smell receptors in the
olfactory mucosa
bones of nose
ethmoid, sphenoid, cribriform plate
protrusions in nasal cavity that increase surface area
conchae or turbinates
Regions of pharynx
auditory tubes that open into lateral walls of nasopharynx
pharyngotympanic
opening between the true vocal cords
glottis
Valsalva’s maneuver
defined by the presence of alveoli
respiratory zone
lookit!
how many alveoli in each lung?
300 million
terminal bronchiole
air-blood barrier
alveolar and capillary endothelium
their fused basal laminas [= basement membrane]
alveolar walls made of what
A single layer of type I cells
and type II cells
Type I alveolar cells do what
permit gas exchange by simple diffusion
secrete angiotensin converting enzyme [ACE]
type II alveolar cells do what?
secrete surfactant
study dis!
thin,double-layeredserosa
pleurae
-covers the thoracic wall and superior face of the diaphragm
-continues around heart and between lungs
parietal pleura
visceral, or pulmonary, pleura
know dat!
pressure within the alveoli
intrapulmonary pressure
pressure within the pleural cavity
intrapleural pressure
learn about it!
the relationship between the pressure and volume of gases P1V1 = P2V2
Boyle’s Law
this will be on the test baby
this too
negative pressure in the lungs?
inhalation
positive pressure inside the lungs?
exhalation
study away Jay
Pactus Carinatum
Pectus excavatum
Barrel Chest
air that moves into and out of the lungs with each breath [approximately 500 ml]
tidal volume [TV]
air that can be inspired forcibly beyond the tidal volume [2100–3200 ml]
inspiratory reserve volume [IRV]
air that can be evacuated from the lungs after a tidal expiration [1000–1200 ml]
expiratory reserve volume [ERV]
air left in the lungs after strenuous expiration [1200 ml]
residual volume [RV]
total amount of air that can be inspired after a tidal
expiration [IRV + TV]
inspiratory capacity [IC]
amount of air remaining in the lungs after a tidal expiration [=RV + ERV]
functional residual capacity [FRC]
the total amount of exchangeable air [=TV + IRV + ERV]
vital capacity [VC]
sum of all lung volumes [approximately 6000 ml in males]
total lung capacity [TLC]
volume of the conducting respiratory passages [150 ml]
anatomical dead space
alveoli that cease to act in gas exchange due to collapse
or obstruction
alveolar dead space
sum of alveolar and anatomical dead spaces
total dead space
an instrument consisting of a hollow bell inverted over
water, used to evaluate respiratory function
spirometer
the amount of gas expelled during specific time intervals of the FVC [typically 1 and 3 seconds
forced expiratory volume [FEV]
gas forcibly expelled after taking a deep breath
forced vital capacity [FVC]
total amount of gas flow into or out of the respiratory
tract in one minute
total ventilation
Healthy FEV
