Lecture 2 Flashcards
Name the two cavities of the body
Dorsal (CNS)
Ventral (Thoracic, abdominal, pelvic)
Thoracic cavity has which two parts
Ventral body cavities have what three parts
Review these quadrants of the abdominopelvic cavity
Name the two successive lines of defense in the body
Innate (nonspecific): Skin, antimicrobial cells and protiens, etc.
Adaptiove (specific): immune system
Fun facts about skin
15% of body weight
20 ft^2
Name three skin layers
1-Epidermis
2-Dermis
3-Hypodermis
What kind of cell produces Keratin?
Epidermis
keratinocytes
what kind of cells produce melanin?
Epidermis
melanocytes
Name the epidermal macrophages that help activate the immune system
Epidermis
Langerhan’s cells
Name the cells that fxn as touch receptors
Merkel cells
Deepest layer of epidermis, has keratinocytes
Stratum basale
Second-deepest layer of epidermis
Stratum spinosum, made of keratinocytes unified (linked) by desmosomes
Second-shallowest layer of epidermis
Stratum granulosum, releasing LAMELLATED GRANULES (fats)
Most superficial layer of skin
Stratum corneum, dead keratin-holding cells surrounded by GlycoLipids, enzymes, and hella other shit
Name the bonus layer of skin in palms and other thick skin regions
Stratum lucidum (clear layer)
Dead keratinocytes
Middle major skin region containing strong, felxible connective tissue
Dermis
Two layers of Dermis (which is connecive tissue)
Papillary
Reticular
Which three microogranisms can breach unbroken skin?
HPV
Syphilis
Larvae of some parasites
Fxn of papillary later of DERMIS
Friction ridges, MEISSNER’S corpuscles (capillaries) and nerve endings
What percent of thickness of skin is the RETICULAR LAYER
80%. Includes collagen and elastin that give strength, resiliency, stretch and recoil to skin
What is the HYPODERMIS, what does it do?
Adipose and areolar connective tissue attaches skin to underlying structures
Name the three skin pigments and their colors
Melanin (yellow to reddish-brown to black in skin, moles, freckles)
Carotene (yellow to orange, palms and soles)
Hemoglobin (reddish, gives skin pinkish hue)
What is cerumen?
ear wax
Location and function of
Eccrine Sweat Glands?
Palms, soles of feet, cool the body
Location and function of
Apocrine Sweat Glands?
axillary and genital areas, cool the body
Location and function of
Ceruminous Glands?
Modified apocrine glands in external ear canal, secrete ear wax
Location and function of
Mammary Glands?
Specialized sweat glands that secrete milk
Location and function of sebaceous glands
all over the body, secrete cebum, to keep the body supple and oiled up
What is hair?
filamentous strands of dead keratinized cells. Hard keratin. Medulla, cortex and cuticle.
Pale, fine body hair found in kids and adult females
Vellus
Course, long hair of eyebrows, scalp, axillary and pubic regions
terminal
Hair thinning in both sexes
Alopecia
Genetically determined and sex-influenced condition of balding
True, or frank, baldness
Caused by follicular response to DiHydroTestosterone
Male pattern balndness
Percent of body’s blood volume in the skin
5%
Vitamin synthesized by the skin
D3
Tumor suppressor gene
Disabling this increases risk of non-melanoma skin cancers
p53 gene
Three major types of skin cancer
Basal cell carcinoma
Squamous cell carcinoma
Melanoma
Review these facts
Review these risk factors for skin cancer
Least malignant and most common skin cancer
Basal cell carcinoma
can be surgically cured 99%
Surgery for removing basal cell carcinoma
Mohs surgery
Most dangerous type of skin cancer
Melanoma
highly metastatic and resistant to chemo
Only kind of major cancer whre incidence is still rising
Melanoma
Melanoma ABCD rules
A
Asymmetry
Melanoma ABCD rules
B
Border is irregular and exhibits indentations
Melanoma ABCD rules
C
Color (pigmented area) is black, brown, tan and sometimes red or blue, often undeven and multiple shades
Melanoma ABCD rules
D
Diameter is larger than 6mm
Melanoma ABCD rules
E
Elevation, enlaarging, evolving
This one is not adopted by all dermatologists
Treatment of melanoma
wide surgical excision and immunotherapy
A sharply circumscribed area showing alterations of color, not appreciably elevated or depressed
Macule
A well-defined elevated lesion of the skin up to 5 mm in diameter
Papule
Solid lesion of the skin or subcutaneous tissue over 5 mm in diameter
Nodule
A large nodule - when a nodule is more than 2 or 3 cm in diameter, it is usually called a tumor
Tumor
A sharply demarcated, elevated, fluid-containing lesion of the skin, usually less than 6 mm in diameter
Vesicle (blister)
A large vesicle
Bulla
A small, usually less than 5 mm, fluid-filled lesion of the skin that contains pus
Pustule
An evanescent, elevated, red lesion of the skin
Wheal (hive, urticaria, or welt)
A less than 5 mm diameter macule resulting from a deposition of blood into the skin the term purpura is at times used for lesions of this type that are somewhat larger, which may also be palpable
Petechiae
A larger area of discolored skin resulting from bleeding into the skin
Ecchymosis
Visibly dilated, superficial, cutaneous blood vessels
Telangiectasis
(white or blackhead): a white, gray, or black non-inflammatory plug in the follicle
Comedo
A tunnel, tract, or passage in the skin made by such parasites as the mite of scabies and the larvae of larva migrans
Burrow
A non-inflammatory collection of fluid or semisolid material surrounded by a well-defined wall
Cyst
This represents dry exfoliation
Scale
A collection of epidermal debris, serum, pus, etc., dried together to form a hard mass and overlying an area of epithelial injury
crust (scab)
A crack in the skin
Fissue
A superficial loss of epithelium that heals without a scar formation
Erosion
The loss of the entire epithelium that may heal with scar formation
Ulcer
A disappearance, or “wasting,” of tissues or parts of tissues
Atrophy
A linear area of injury resulting from scratching
Excoriation (scratch mark)
A fibrotic residual of a previous inflammatory process
Scar
A burn that only damages epidermis
1st degree
A burn that damages epidermis and upper regions of dermis
2nd degree
Entire thickness of skin in damaged by burn
3rd degree
