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A+P 1 > Lecture 2 > Flashcards

Lecture 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Name the two cavities of the body

A

Dorsal (CNS)
Ventral (Thoracic, abdominal, pelvic)

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2
Q

Thoracic cavity has which two parts

A
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3
Q

Ventral body cavities have what three parts

A
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4
Q

Review these quadrants of the abdominopelvic cavity

A
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5
Q

Name the two successive lines of defense in the body

A

Innate (nonspecific): Skin, antimicrobial cells and protiens, etc.
Adaptiove (specific): immune system

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6
Q

Fun facts about skin

A

15% of body weight
20 ft^2

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7
Q

Name three skin layers

A

1-Epidermis
2-Dermis
3-Hypodermis

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8
Q

What kind of cell produces Keratin?

Epidermis

A

keratinocytes

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9
Q

what kind of cells produce melanin?

Epidermis

A

melanocytes

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10
Q

Name the epidermal macrophages that help activate the immune system

Epidermis

A

Langerhan’s cells

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11
Q

Name the cells that fxn as touch receptors

A

Merkel cells

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12
Q

Deepest layer of epidermis, has keratinocytes

A

Stratum basale

KERATINOCTYES
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13
Q

Second-deepest layer of epidermis

A

Stratum spinosum, made of keratinocytes unified (linked) by desmosomes

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14
Q

Second-shallowest layer of epidermis

A

Stratum granulosum, releasing LAMELLATED GRANULES (fats)

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15
Q

Most superficial layer of skin

A

Stratum corneum, dead keratin-holding cells surrounded by GlycoLipids, enzymes, and hella other shit

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16
Q

Name the bonus layer of skin in palms and other thick skin regions

A

Stratum lucidum (clear layer)
Dead keratinocytes

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17
Q

Middle major skin region containing strong, felxible connective tissue

A

Dermis

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18
Q

Two layers of Dermis (which is connecive tissue)

A

Papillary
Reticular

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19
Q

Which three microogranisms can breach unbroken skin?

A

HPV
Syphilis
Larvae of some parasites

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20
Q

Fxn of papillary later of DERMIS

A

Friction ridges, MEISSNER’S corpuscles (capillaries) and nerve endings

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21
Q

What percent of thickness of skin is the RETICULAR LAYER

A

80%. Includes collagen and elastin that give strength, resiliency, stretch and recoil to skin

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22
Q

What is the HYPODERMIS, what does it do?

A

Adipose and areolar connective tissue attaches skin to underlying structures

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23
Q

Name the three skin pigments and their colors

A

Melanin (yellow to reddish-brown to black in skin, moles, freckles)
Carotene (yellow to orange, palms and soles)
Hemoglobin (reddish, gives skin pinkish hue)

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24
Q

What is cerumen?

A

ear wax

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25
Q

Location and function of

Eccrine Sweat Glands?

A

Palms, soles of feet, cool the body

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26
Q

Location and function of

Apocrine Sweat Glands?

A

axillary and genital areas, cool the body

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27
Q

Location and function of

Ceruminous Glands?

A

Modified apocrine glands in external ear canal, secrete ear wax

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28
Q

Location and function of

Mammary Glands?

A

Specialized sweat glands that secrete milk

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29
Q

Location and function of sebaceous glands

A

all over the body, secrete cebum, to keep the body supple and oiled up

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30
Q

What is hair?

A

filamentous strands of dead keratinized cells. Hard keratin. Medulla, cortex and cuticle.

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31
Q

Pale, fine body hair found in kids and adult females

A

Vellus

32
Q

Course, long hair of eyebrows, scalp, axillary and pubic regions

A

terminal

33
Q

Hair thinning in both sexes

A

Alopecia

34
Q

Genetically determined and sex-influenced condition of balding

A

True, or frank, baldness

35
Q

Caused by follicular response to DiHydroTestosterone

A

Male pattern balndness

36
Q

Percent of body’s blood volume in the skin

A

5%

37
Q

Vitamin synthesized by the skin

A

D3

38
Q

Tumor suppressor gene

Disabling this increases risk of non-melanoma skin cancers

A

p53 gene

39
Q

Three major types of skin cancer

A

Basal cell carcinoma
Squamous cell carcinoma
Melanoma

40
Q

Review these facts

A
41
Q

Review these risk factors for skin cancer

A
42
Q

Least malignant and most common skin cancer

A

Basal cell carcinoma

can be surgically cured 99%

43
Q

Surgery for removing basal cell carcinoma

A

Mohs surgery

44
Q

Most dangerous type of skin cancer

A

Melanoma

highly metastatic and resistant to chemo

45
Q

Only kind of major cancer whre incidence is still rising

A

Melanoma

46
Q

Melanoma ABCD rules

A

A

Asymmetry

47
Q

Melanoma ABCD rules

B

A

Border is irregular and exhibits indentations

48
Q

Melanoma ABCD rules

C

A

Color (pigmented area) is black, brown, tan and sometimes red or blue, often undeven and multiple shades

49
Q

Melanoma ABCD rules

D

A

Diameter is larger than 6mm

50
Q

Melanoma ABCD rules

E

A

Elevation, enlaarging, evolving

This one is not adopted by all dermatologists

51
Q

Treatment of melanoma

A

wide surgical excision and immunotherapy

52
Q

A sharply circumscribed area showing alterations of color, not appreciably elevated or depressed

A

Macule

53
Q

A well-defined elevated lesion of the skin up to 5 mm in diameter

A

Papule

54
Q

Solid lesion of the skin or subcutaneous tissue over 5 mm in diameter

A

Nodule

55
Q

A large nodule - when a nodule is more than 2 or 3 cm in diameter, it is usually called a tumor

A

Tumor

56
Q

A sharply demarcated, elevated, fluid-containing lesion of the skin, usually less than 6 mm in diameter

A

Vesicle (blister)

57
Q

A large vesicle

A

Bulla

58
Q

A small, usually less than 5 mm, fluid-filled lesion of the skin that contains pus

A

Pustule

59
Q

An evanescent, elevated, red lesion of the skin

A

Wheal (hive, urticaria, or welt)

60
Q

A less than 5 mm diameter macule resulting from a deposition of blood into the skin the term purpura is at times used for lesions of this type that are somewhat larger, which may also be palpable

A

Petechiae

61
Q

A larger area of discolored skin resulting from bleeding into the skin

A

Ecchymosis

62
Q

Visibly dilated, superficial, cutaneous blood vessels

A

Telangiectasis

63
Q

(white or blackhead): a white, gray, or black non-inflammatory plug in the follicle

A

Comedo

64
Q

A tunnel, tract, or passage in the skin made by such parasites as the mite of scabies and the larvae of larva migrans

A

Burrow

65
Q

A non-inflammatory collection of fluid or semisolid material surrounded by a well-defined wall

A

Cyst

66
Q

This represents dry exfoliation

A

Scale

67
Q

A collection of epidermal debris, serum, pus, etc., dried together to form a hard mass and overlying an area of epithelial injury

A

crust (scab)

68
Q

A crack in the skin

A

Fissue

69
Q

A superficial loss of epithelium that heals without a scar formation

A

Erosion

70
Q

The loss of the entire epithelium that may heal with scar formation

A

Ulcer

71
Q

A disappearance, or “wasting,” of tissues or parts of tissues

A

Atrophy

72
Q

A linear area of injury resulting from scratching

A

Excoriation (scratch mark)

73
Q

A fibrotic residual of a previous inflammatory process

A

Scar

74
Q

A burn that only damages epidermis

A

1st degree

75
Q

A burn that damages epidermis and upper regions of dermis

A

2nd degree

76
Q

Entire thickness of skin in damaged by burn

A

3rd degree

A+P 1 (12 decks)

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