Lecture 5 Flashcards by Jesse Sachs

Three types of muscle tissue

Skeletal
Cardiac
Smooth

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Skeletal and smooth muscle cells are elongated and are called

muscle fibers

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Muscle contraction depends on these 2 myofilaments

-Actin
-Myosin

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Muscle plasma membrane

sarcolemma

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membrane of muscle fiber

sarcolemma

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ctyoplasm of a muscle cell

sarcoplasm

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Three muscle scientific prefixes

Myo
Mys
Sarco

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4 Ways that types of muscle differ

Structure
Fxn
Location
Activation

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Skeletal muscle tissue moves

the body skeleton

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Muscle cell and muscle fiber are

The same thing

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Muscle’s obvious visible stripes

Striations

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Skeletal muscle is controlled

Voluntarily

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Cardiac muscle shape and size

Short, striated, quadrangular

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Cardiac muscle control is controlled how?

Autonomic influence

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Contraction rate set by the heart’s pacemaker

Autorhythmic

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Cardiac muscle contracts how?

Syncytium (all-at-once)

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involuntary muscle twitches

vesiculation

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Places where cardiac muscle fibers anchor

Intercolated discs

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intercolated discs are made of

desmosomes and gap jxns

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Electrical synapse point b/t two cells

gap junctions

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Ability to recieve and respond to stimuli

excitability

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ability to shorten forcibly

contractibility

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ability to propogate electrical signals over membrane

conductivity

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the ability to be stretched or extended
shortening is contraction [muscles do not “flex”]

Extensibility

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ability to recoil and resume original resting length

elasticity

# Skeletal Muscle: Three connective tissue sheaths fine sheath of connective tissue composed of reticular fibers surrounding each muscle fiber

Endomysium

# Three kinds of connective tissue skeletal muscle fibrous connective tissue that surrounds groups of muscle fibers called fascicles

perimysium

# Three kinds of connective tissue skeletal muscle an overcoatof dense regular connective tissue that surrounds the entire muscle

epimysium

Each muscle is served by how many nerves, arteries and veins?

One each

Name a nerve for a muscle

Motor Neuron

Each skeletal muscle tissue is supplied with a

nerve ending

Arteries are found in what layer of muscle?

endomysium layer

epimysium of the muscle is fused to the periosteum of a bone

Direct attachment of skeletal muscle

connective tissue wrappings extend beyond the muscle as a tendon or aponeurosis

indirect attachment of skeletal muscle

a unique oxygen-binding protein

myoglobin

# Units of muscle and their names Organ

Muscle

Portion of Muscle

Fascicle

Muscle Cell

Muscle Fiber

Contractile organelle

Myofibril

Contractile unit

Sacromere

Actin and Myosin

Myofilaments

# Muscle fibers contain contractile elements

myofibrils

stores Ca2+ ions

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

allows action potentials to quickly penetrate to the interior of the cell

T Tubules

Dark bands in muscles

A Band

Light Bands

I Bands

Smallest contractile unit (sub-myofibril)

sarcomere (from I band to I band) Actually from z-disc to z-disc in the middle of the I bands

Thick myofilaments

Myosin

Thin myofilaments

Actin

Holds myosin together in the A band

M Line

Holds actin together in the I band

Z-disc

No thin filaments in the

H Zone

Protein that holds Myosin together in M lines

Desmin

Elastic filament (protein) that anchors Myosin to Z-disc

Titin | biggest single-molecule protein in the body

structural protein that anchors thin filaments to sarcolemma [and the extracellular matrix] endomysium

dystrophin

Thick filament made up of how many myosin proteins?

500 molecules

Myosin filaments heads and tails. heads are called

cross bridges

Regulatory proteins in thin filaments

tropomyosin and troponin

Ion that articulates regulatory proteins

Calcium

Mysosin looks like

Golf clubs

Actin looks like

Olives

Troponin looks like

Corn kernels

Tropomyosin looks like

Spaghetti

The salt is

Calcium

smooth endoplasmic reticulum that mostly runs longitudinally and surrounds each myofibril

Sarcoplasmic reticulum SR

Calcium stored in

Terminal cisterns of the SR

calcium transmitted by the

Tubule of the SR

calcium transmitted by the

Tubule of the SR

conducts action potential to the deepest regions of the muscle cell

T tubules

What percent does skeletal muscle shorten

30%

what percent does smooth muscle shorten

80%

# E-C-C sequence of innervation of muscles

motor neuron nerve ending propogated along sarcolemma along T tubule to release Ca2+

name of skeletal neurons

lower motor neuron

axons of motor neuron enters muscle here

motor entry point

neuromuscular junction made up of these two parts

axonal endings motor end plate

Neurotransmitter used by motor neurons

acetylcholine

enzyme that destroys ACh

acetylcholenesterase

ACh-esterase allows for what

muscle to recoil

EPP

End Plate Potential

MAP

Muscle Action Potential

Protein (or enzyme) changing shape

conformational change

E-C-E-C-C-C is

Electrical (nerve action potential) Chemical (ACh from nerve ending to sarcolemma) Electrical (EPP->MAP) Chemical (Ca2+ allows cross-bridge attachment w ADP) Contraction (increase in overlap b/t myosin+actin) Coupling (cross-bridge detatchment thru ATP)

Each myosin head can cycle how many times per second