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A+P 1 > Lecture 5 > Flashcards

Lecture 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Three types of muscle tissue

A

Skeletal
Cardiac
Smooth

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2
Q

Skeletal and smooth muscle cells are elongated and are called

A

muscle fibers

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3
Q

Muscle contraction depends on these 2 myofilaments

A

-Actin
-Myosin

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4
Q

Muscle plasma membrane

A

sarcolemma

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5
Q

membrane of muscle fiber

A

sarcolemma

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6
Q

ctyoplasm of a muscle cell

A

sarcoplasm

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7
Q

Three muscle scientific prefixes

A

Myo
Mys
Sarco

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8
Q

4 Ways that types of muscle differ

A

Structure
Fxn
Location
Activation

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9
Q

Skeletal muscle tissue moves

A

the body skeleton

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10
Q

Muscle cell and muscle fiber are

A

The same thing

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11
Q

Muscle’s obvious visible stripes

A

Striations

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12
Q

Skeletal muscle is controlled

A

Voluntarily

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13
Q

Cardiac muscle shape and size

A

Short, striated, quadrangular

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14
Q

Cardiac muscle control is controlled how?

A

Autonomic influence

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15
Q

Contraction rate set by the heart’s pacemaker

A

Autorhythmic

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16
Q

Cardiac muscle contracts how?

A

Syncytium (all-at-once)

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17
Q

involuntary muscle twitches

A

vesiculation

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18
Q

Places where cardiac muscle fibers anchor

A

Intercolated discs

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19
Q

intercolated discs are made of

A

desmosomes and gap jxns

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20
Q

Electrical synapse point b/t two cells

A

gap junctions

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21
Q

Ability to recieve and respond to stimuli

A

excitability

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22
Q

ability to shorten forcibly

A

contractibility

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23
Q

ability to propogate electrical signals over membrane

A

conductivity

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24
Q

the ability to be stretched or extended
shortening is contraction [muscles do not “flex”]

A

Extensibility

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25
Q

ability to recoil and resume original resting length

A

elasticity

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26
Q

Skeletal Muscle: Three connective tissue sheaths

fine sheath of connective tissue composed of reticular fibers surrounding each muscle fiber

A

Endomysium

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27
Q

Three kinds of connective tissue skeletal muscle

fibrous connective tissue that surrounds groups of muscle fibers called fascicles

A

perimysium

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28
Q

Three kinds of connective tissue skeletal muscle

an overcoatof dense regular connective tissue that surrounds the entire muscle

A

epimysium

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29
Q

Each muscle is served by how many nerves, arteries and veins?

A

One each

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30
Q

Name a nerve for a muscle

A

Motor Neuron

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31
Q

Each skeletal muscle tissue is supplied with a

A

nerve ending

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32
Q

Arteries are found in what layer of muscle?

A

endomysium layer

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33
Q

epimysium of the muscle is fused to the periosteum of a bone

A

Direct attachment of skeletal muscle

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34
Q

connective tissue wrappings extend beyond the muscle as a tendon or aponeurosis

A

indirect attachment of skeletal muscle

35
Q

a unique oxygen-binding protein

A

myoglobin

36
Q

Units of muscle and their names

Organ

A

Muscle

37
Q

Portion of Muscle

A

Fascicle

38
Q

Muscle Cell

A

Muscle Fiber

39
Q

Contractile organelle

A

Myofibril

40
Q

Contractile unit

A

Sacromere

41
Q

Actin and Myosin

A

Myofilaments

42
Q

Muscle fibers contain

contractile elements

A

myofibrils

43
Q

stores Ca2+ ions

A

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

44
Q

allows action potentials to quickly penetrate to the interior of the cell

A

T Tubules

45
Q

Dark bands in muscles

A

A Band

46
Q

Light Bands

A

I Bands

47
Q

Smallest contractile unit (sub-myofibril)

A

sarcomere (from I band to I band)
Actually from z-disc to z-disc in the middle of the I bands

48
Q

Thick myofilaments

A

Myosin

49
Q

Thin myofilaments

A

Actin

50
Q

Holds myosin together in the A band

A

M Line

51
Q

Holds actin together in the I band

A

Z-disc

52
Q

No thin filaments in the

A

H Zone

53
Q

Protein that holds Myosin together in M lines

A

Desmin

54
Q

Elastic filament (protein) that anchors Myosin to Z-disc

A

Titin

biggest single-molecule protein in the body

55
Q

structural protein that anchors thin filaments to sarcolemma [and the extracellular matrix] endomysium

A

dystrophin

56
Q

Thick filament made up of how many myosin proteins?

A

500 molecules

57
Q

Myosin filaments heads and tails. heads are called

A

cross bridges

58
Q

Regulatory proteins in thin filaments

A

tropomyosin and troponin

59
Q

Ion that articulates regulatory proteins

A

Calcium

60
Q

Mysosin looks like

A

Golf clubs

61
Q

Actin looks like

A

Olives

62
Q

Troponin looks like

A

Corn kernels

63
Q

Tropomyosin looks like

A

Spaghetti

64
Q

The salt is

A

Calcium

65
Q

smooth endoplasmic reticulum that mostly runs longitudinally and surrounds each myofibril

A

Sarcoplasmic reticulum
SR

66
Q

Calcium stored in

A

Terminal cisterns of the SR

67
Q

calcium transmitted by the

A

Tubule of the SR

68
Q

calcium transmitted by the

A

Tubule of the SR

69
Q

conducts action potential to the deepest regions of the muscle cell

A

T tubules

70
Q

What percent does skeletal muscle shorten

A

30%

71
Q

what percent does smooth muscle shorten

A

80%

72
Q

E-C-C

sequence of innervation of muscles

A

motor neuron
nerve ending
propogated along sarcolemma
along T tubule to release Ca2+

73
Q

name of skeletal neurons

A

lower motor neuron

74
Q

axons of motor neuron enters muscle here

A

motor entry point

75
Q

neuromuscular junction made up of these two parts

A

axonal endings
motor end plate

76
Q

Neurotransmitter used by motor neurons

A

acetylcholine

77
Q

enzyme that destroys ACh

A

acetylcholenesterase

78
Q

ACh-esterase allows for what

A

muscle to recoil

79
Q

EPP

A

End Plate Potential

80
Q

MAP

A

Muscle Action Potential

81
Q

Protein (or enzyme) changing shape

A

conformational change

82
Q

E-C-E-C-C-C is

A

Electrical (nerve action potential)
Chemical (ACh from nerve ending to sarcolemma)
Electrical (EPP->MAP)
Chemical (Ca2+ allows cross-bridge attachment w ADP)
Contraction (increase in overlap b/t myosin+actin)
Coupling (cross-bridge detatchment thru ATP)

83
Q

Each myosin head can cycle how many times per second

A

5

A+P 1 (12 decks)

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