Lecture #9

Question 1

What does each spinal nerve split into inside the vertebral column?

Answer 1

A Dorsal and a ventral root

Question 2

What is the dorsal root And what does it do?

Answer 2

A collection of cell bodies of sensory neurons whose axons conduct impulses from periphery body parts into the spinal cord

Question 3

What is a dermatome?

Answer 3

An area of skin innervated by the sensory nerve fibers of a particular spinal nerve

Question 4

What is the ventral root and what does it do?

Answer 4

A motor root consisting of axons of motor neurons who’s cell bodies are in the spinal cord

Question 5

What is a spinal nerve?

Answer 5

The union of ventral (anterior) and dorsal (posterior) roots

Question 6

What is a mixed nerve?

Answer 6

A ventral and a dorsal root

Question 7

What is a nerve plexus?

Answer 7

A complex Netwerk formed by ventral rami of spinal nerves

Question 8

What are the three nervous plexuses?

Answer 8

Cervical, brachial, and lumbar

Question 9

What spinal segments make up the brachial plexus?

Answer 9

C5 through T1

Question 10

What are the five branches of the brachial plexus?

Answer 10

Musculocutaneous nerve, ulnar nerve, medial nerve, radial nerve, and auxiliary nerve

Question 11

What spinal segments forms the lumbosacral plexus?

Answer 11

L1 through S4

Question 12

What are the Three main nerves in the lumbosacral plexus?

Answer 12

Obturator nerve, femoral nerve, and the sciatic nerve

Question 13

What is and what does the autonomic nervous system do?

Answer 13

It is a branch of the peripheral nervous system that is involuntarily controlled, and it helps regulate smooth and cardiac muscles and glands to maintain homeostasis

Question 14

What are afferent neurons?

Answer 14

Sensory neurons

Question 15

What are efferent neurons?

Answer 15

Motor neurons

Question 16

What are the two branches of the autonomic nervous system?

Answer 16

The sympathetic and the parasympathetic divisions

Question 17

What does the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system do?

Answer 17

Is activated in the fight or flight mode/stressful situations

Question 18

What does the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system do?

Answer 18

Is active in the rest and digest stage/non-stressful situations

Question 19

What spinal sections make up the thoracolumbar division?

Answer 19

T1 to L2

Question 20

What is the difference between preganglionic and postganglionic fibers?

Answer 20

Preganglionic neurons connect the autonomic nervous system to the ganglia, and postganglionic neurons connect the autonomic nervous system to the effector organs

Question 21

What is another name for the parasympathetic division?

Answer 21

The craniosacral division

Question 22

What does a cholinergic neuron do?

Answer 22

Releases acetylcholine

Question 23

What are the four types of autonomic neurotransmitter receptors?

Answer 23

Cholinergic receptors, muscarinic receptors, nicotinic receptors, adrenergic receptors

Question 24

What do cholinergic receptors do?

Answer 24

Bind to acetylcholine

Question 25

What do muscarinic receptors do?

Answer 25

Excitatory, slow

Question 26

What do you nicotinic receptors do?

Answer 26

Excitatory, rapid

Question 27

What do adrenergic receptors do?

Answer 27

Bind to epinephrine and Norepinephrine

Question 28

What is the autonomic division mostly controlled by?

Answer 28

The hypothalamus

Question 29

How much can the brain shrink as one ages?

Answer 29

10%