Lecture #1

Question 1

Anatomy?

Answer 1

The Study of the structures of the body.

Question 2

Gross Anatomy?

Answer 2

The study of macroscopic structures.

Question 3

Microscopic Anatomy?

Answer 3

Studying structures which require magnification.

Question 4

Four areas of study for gross anatomy?

Answer 4

Surface-general form and superficial markings
Regional-study based on certain regions of the body
Systemic-study of organ systems
Developmental-study of changes

Question 5

Two areas of study of microscopic anatomy?

Answer 5

Cytology-study of structure and function of a cell

Histology-study of tissues

Question 6

Physiology?

Answer 6

The study of the functions (physiology) of the body and its parts.

Question 7

Four divisions of physiology?

Answer 7

Cell
Organ
Systemic
Patho-(disease/suffering)

Question 8

Six processes associated with life?

Answer 8

Ingestion
Digestion
Absorption
Metabolism
Secretion
Excretion

Question 9

What is the most important question when determining if something is alive?

Answer 9

Is it compose of at least one cell

Question 10

Five levels of body organization?

Answer 10

Cellular
Tissue
Organ
Organ System
Organism

Question 11

What are the ten organ systems?

Answer 11

Integumentary 
Skeletal
Muscular
Nervous
Endocrine
Cardiovascular
Lymphatic
Respiratory
Urinary
Reproductive

Question 12

Homeostasis?

Answer 12

The body’s effort to maintain constant internal conditions.

Question 13

Five stages of maintaining homeostasis?

Answer 13

Stimulus
Sensor
Integrator-control system/brain
Effector
Compensatory response

Question 14

Negative Feedback System?

Answer 14

Going back to a set point.

Question 15

Positive Feedback System?

Answer 15

Amplification of a response.

Question 16

What are the body fluid compartments?

Answer 16

Intracellular-fluid in cells
Extracellular-fluid outside cells
Interstitial-fluid found between cells
Vascular-fluid in vessels

Question 17

Chemistry?

Answer 17

The study of matter (stuff)

Question 18

Fundamental unit of matter?

Answer 18

Atom

Question 19

Matter?

Answer 19

Anything that occupies space and has mass

Question 20

Element?

Answer 20

A pure substance that cannot be broken down by ordinary means

Question 21

Atom?

Answer 21

Smallest unit that retains properties of an element

Question 22

Compound?

Answer 22

Substance composed of two or more elements (ionic or covalent bonding)

Question 23

Atomic Number?

Answer 23

Number of protons in an atom

Question 24

Atomic Mass?

Answer 24

Number of Protons and Neutrons in the nucleus

Question 25

Isotope?

Answer 25

Atoms of the same element that have different mass due to different number of Neutrons

Question 26

Molecule?

Answer 26

Two or more atoms bonded together (covalent bonding)

Question 27

Types of chemical bonding?

Answer 27

Ionic-positive and negative Covalent-sharing electrons Hydrogen-hydrogen in one molecule being attracted to a non-hydrogen in another molecule (negative hydrogen attracted positive oxygen in the case of a water molecule)

Question 28

Cytoplasmic Membrane?

Answer 28

"Security fence" of the cells composed of phospholipids

Question 29

Cytoplasm/Cytosol?

Answer 29

Fluid of the cell

Question 30

Ribosomes?

Answer 30

Produce proteins

Question 31

Proteasomes?

Answer 31

Disassemble proteins

Question 32

Cytoskeleton?

Answer 32

Microscopic structures of protein filaments and tubules that give a cell structure

Question 33

Centrioles?

Answer 33

Organize microtubules and play a role in cell division

Question 34

How many amino acids is the average human protein?

Answer 34

300

Question 35

Organelles?

Answer 35

Membrane-bound

Question 36

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum?

Answer 36

It has ribosomes attached, giving it a rough appearance, which means it synthesizes proteins.

Question 37

What does Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum do?

Answer 37

Synthesizes lipids and steroids.

Question 38

Golgi Body?

Answer 38

"Sorting role" prepares proteins and fat for use

Question 39

Nucleas?

Answer 39

Has DNA

Question 40

Nucleolus?

Answer 40

Structure within the nucleus that facilitates ribosome biogenesis.

Question 41

Process associated with fundamental biology?

Answer 41

``` DNA -Transcription- mRNA -Translation- Protein ```

Question 42

Lysosome?

Answer 42

A membrane-bound cell organelle that contains digestive enzymes.

Question 43

What does the Mitochondria do?

Answer 43

Produces energy