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Z A&P Summer Studying > Lecture #1 > Flashcards

Lecture #1 Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomy?

A

The Study of the structures of the body.

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2
Q

Gross Anatomy?

A

The study of macroscopic structures.

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3
Q

Microscopic Anatomy?

A

Studying structures which require magnification.

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4
Q

Four areas of study for gross anatomy?

A

Surface-general form and superficial markings
Regional-study based on certain regions of the body
Systemic-study of organ systems
Developmental-study of changes

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5
Q

Two areas of study of microscopic anatomy?

A

Cytology-study of structure and function of a cell

Histology-study of tissues

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6
Q

Physiology?

A

The study of the functions (physiology) of the body and its parts.

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7
Q

Four divisions of physiology?

A

Cell
Organ
Systemic
Patho-(disease/suffering)

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8
Q

Six processes associated with life?

A 
Ingestion
Digestion
Absorption
Metabolism
Secretion
Excretion
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9
Q

What is the most important question when determining if something is alive?

A

Is it compose of at least one cell

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10
Q

Five levels of body organization?

A 
Cellular
Tissue
Organ
Organ System
Organism
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11
Q

What are the ten organ systems?

A 
Integumentary 
Skeletal
Muscular
Nervous
Endocrine
Cardiovascular
Lymphatic
Respiratory
Urinary
Reproductive
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12
Q

Homeostasis?

A

The body’s effort to maintain constant internal conditions.

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13
Q

Five stages of maintaining homeostasis?

A 
Stimulus
Sensor
Integrator-control system/brain
Effector
Compensatory response
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14
Q

Negative Feedback System?

A

Going back to a set point.

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15
Q

Positive Feedback System?

A

Amplification of a response.

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16
Q

What are the body fluid compartments?

A

Intracellular-fluid in cells
Extracellular-fluid outside cells
Interstitial-fluid found between cells
Vascular-fluid in vessels

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17
Q

Chemistry?

A

The study of matter (stuff)

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18
Q

Fundamental unit of matter?

A

Atom

19
Q

Matter?

A

Anything that occupies space and has mass

20
Q

Element?

A

A pure substance that cannot be broken down by ordinary means

21
Q

Atom?

A

Smallest unit that retains properties of an element

22
Q

Compound?

A

Substance composed of two or more elements (ionic or covalent bonding)

23
Q

Atomic Number?

A

Number of protons in an atom

24
Q

Atomic Mass?

A

Number of Protons and Neutrons in the nucleus

25
Q

Isotope?

A

Atoms of the same element that have different mass due to different number of Neutrons

26
Q

Molecule?

A

Two or more atoms bonded together (covalent bonding)

27
Q

Types of chemical bonding?

A

Ionic-positive and negative
Covalent-sharing electrons
Hydrogen-hydrogen in one molecule being attracted to a non-hydrogen in another molecule (negative hydrogen attracted positive oxygen in the case of a water molecule)

28
Q

Cytoplasmic Membrane?

A

“Security fence” of the cells composed of phospholipids

29
Q

Cytoplasm/Cytosol?

A

Fluid of the cell

30
Q

Ribosomes?

A

Produce proteins

31
Q

Proteasomes?

A

Disassemble proteins

32
Q

Cytoskeleton?

A

Microscopic structures of protein filaments and tubules that give a cell structure

33
Q

Centrioles?

A

Organize microtubules and play a role in cell division

34
Q

How many amino acids is the average human protein?

A

300

35
Q

Organelles?

A

Membrane-bound

36
Q

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum?

A

It has ribosomes attached, giving it a rough appearance, which means it synthesizes proteins.

37
Q

What does Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum do?

A

Synthesizes lipids and steroids.

38
Q

Golgi Body?

A

“Sorting role” prepares proteins and fat for use

39
Q

Nucleas?

A

Has DNA

40
Q

Nucleolus?

A

Structure within the nucleus that facilitates ribosome biogenesis.

41
Q

Process associated with fundamental biology?

A 
DNA
-Transcription-
mRNA
-Translation-
Protein
42
Q

Lysosome?

A

A membrane-bound cell organelle that contains digestive enzymes.

43
Q

What does the Mitochondria do?

A

Produces energy

Z A&P Summer Studying (15 decks)

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