Lecture #14 Flashcards
What does endocrine mean?
Internal secretion
What does the endocrine system secrete?
Hormones
Do endocrine glands have ducts?
No they are ductless
What are exocrine glands?
Glands that secrete substances into tubes or ducks that lead to the surface of the body
What are paracrine secretions?
They are secreted into interstitial fluid
What are the 10 major endocrine tissues?
The hypothalamus, Pituitary gland, pineal gland, parathyroid gland, thyroid gland, thymus, Adrenal gland, pancreas, kidney, and overall/testes
What are the two major types of hormones?
Steroid hormones and nonsteroid hormones
What are steroid hormones composed of?
Lipids composed of cholesterol-like carbon rings structures
What are five examples of steroid hormones?
Testosterone, estrogen, aldosterone, cortisol, and vitamin D
What are the three types of nonsteroid hormones?
Amines, protein hormones, and peptide hormones
What are and what are an example of amine hormones?
Hormones derived from amino acids such as norepinephrine and epinephrine
What are what is an example of a protein hormone?
Hormones formulated from long chains of amino acids such as the parathyroid hormone
What are and what is an example of a peptide hormone?
Hormones composed of short chains of amino acids such as insulin
What is upregulation in hormones?
An increase in the number of receptors on the target sell in response to a decreased hormone level
What is downregulation in hormones?
A decrease in the number of receptors on a target sell due to an increase in hormone levels
What is the difference between how steroid and nonsteroid hormones affect target cells?
Steroid hormones typically cross the cell membrane into the cell wow nonsteroid hormones bind to receptor molecules on the cell membrane
How are steroid hormones transported?
They are transported by carrier proteins in the blood
What is hormone secretion controlled by?
A negative feedback system
What are the three methods in which the negative feedback controls hormone secretion?
By tropic hormones which is hormones that act on other glands to regulate their hormone secretion, by nervous system control, and by changes in composition of the internal environment
What is another name for the pituitary gland?
The hypophysis
 What is another name for growth hormone?
Somatotropin
What does growth hormone do?
Causes cells to grow and divide
When does human growth hormone levels peek?
During sleep
What does prolactin do?
It promotes milk production
