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Z A&P Summer Studying > Lecture #14 > Flashcards

Lecture #14 Flashcards

1
Q

What does endocrine mean?

A

Internal secretion

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2
Q

What does the endocrine system secrete?

A

Hormones

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3
Q

Do endocrine glands have ducts?

A

No they are ductless

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4
Q

What are exocrine glands?

A

Glands that secrete substances into tubes or ducks that lead to the surface of the body

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5
Q

What are paracrine secretions?

A

They are secreted into interstitial fluid

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6
Q

What are the 10 major endocrine tissues?

A

The hypothalamus, Pituitary gland, pineal gland, parathyroid gland, thyroid gland, thymus, Adrenal gland, pancreas, kidney, and overall/testes

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7
Q

What are the two major types of hormones?

A

Steroid hormones and nonsteroid hormones

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8
Q

What are steroid hormones composed of?

A

Lipids composed of cholesterol-like carbon rings structures

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9
Q

What are five examples of steroid hormones?

A

Testosterone, estrogen, aldosterone, cortisol, and vitamin D

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10
Q

What are the three types of nonsteroid hormones?

A

Amines, protein hormones, and peptide hormones

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11
Q

What are and what are an example of amine hormones?

A

Hormones derived from amino acids such as norepinephrine and epinephrine

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12
Q

What are what is an example of a protein hormone?

A

Hormones formulated from long chains of amino acids such as the parathyroid hormone

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13
Q

What are and what is an example of a peptide hormone?

A

Hormones composed of short chains of amino acids such as insulin

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14
Q

What is upregulation in hormones?

A

An increase in the number of receptors on the target sell in response to a decreased hormone level

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15
Q

What is downregulation in hormones?

A

A decrease in the number of receptors on a target sell due to an increase in hormone levels

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16
Q

What is the difference between how steroid and nonsteroid hormones affect target cells?

A

Steroid hormones typically cross the cell membrane into the cell wow nonsteroid hormones bind to receptor molecules on the cell membrane

17
Q

How are steroid hormones transported?

A

They are transported by carrier proteins in the blood

18
Q

What is hormone secretion controlled by?

A

A negative feedback system

19
Q

What are the three methods in which the negative feedback controls hormone secretion?

A

By tropic hormones which is hormones that act on other glands to regulate their hormone secretion, by nervous system control, and by changes in composition of the internal environment

20
Q

What is another name for the pituitary gland?

A

The hypophysis

21
Q

 What is another name for growth hormone?

A

Somatotropin

22
Q

What does growth hormone do?

A

Causes cells to grow and divide

23
Q

When does human growth hormone levels peek?

A

During sleep

24
Q

What does prolactin do?

A

It promotes milk production

25
Q

What can elevated levels of prolactin cause?

A

Disruptions in sleep

26
Q

What is another name for thyroid stimulating hormone?

A

Thyrotropin

27
Q

What does thyroid stimulating hormone do?

A

Controls secretion of hormones from the thyroid gland

28
Q

What does the follicle-stimulating hormone do?

A

Acts on reproductive organs

29
Q

What does the luteinizing hormone do?

A

Promote the secretion of sex hormones in both male and females

30
Q

What does the antidiuretic hormone do?

A

Decreases urine formation and causes vasoconstriction

31
Q

What are the two sections of the pituitary gland?

A

The anterior lobe in the posterior lobe

32
Q

What six hormones does the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland secrete?

A

Growth hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone, adrenal cordotropic hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, lutanizing hormone, and prolactin

33
Q

What is hypopituitary dwarfism?

A

It is caused by a deficiency of growth hormone during childhood and the signs include short stature

34
Q

What is gigantism?

A

Caused by oversecretion of growth hormone during childhoodd and signs are height may exceed 8 feet and accompanied by other metabolic problems

Z A&P Summer Studying (15 decks)

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