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Z A&P Summer Studying > Lecture #6 > Flashcards

Lecture #6 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four functions of the nervous system?

A

To detect changes, to make decisions, to stimulate responses, and to maintain homeostasis

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2
Q

What are the two types of cells in the nervous system?

A

Neurons and neuroglia

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3
Q

What do neurons do?

A

React to changes and relay information

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4
Q

What do you neuroglia do?

A

Surround and support neurons and help maintain the blood brain barrier

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5
Q

What is the central nervous system?

A

The brain and the spinal cord

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6
Q

What are the two divisions of the peripheral nervous system?

A

The sensory division in the motor division

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7
Q

What does the peripheral nervous system do?

A

Connects the central nervous system to other parts of the body

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8
Q

What are the two divisions of the motor division?

A

The somatic and the autonomic

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9
Q

What does the somatic nervous system control?

A

Skeletal muscle

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10
Q

What does the autonomic nervous system control?

A

Smooth muscles, cardiac muscle, and glands

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11
Q

What are the general three functions of the nervous system?

A

Sensory, integration, and motor response

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12
Q

What is the sensory part of the nervous system responsible for?

A

Receiving, utilizing, and relaying information

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13
Q

What is the integrative part of the nervous system Responsible for?

A

Coordinating Sensory info, Creates sensations memories and thoughts, and informed decision making

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14
Q

What is the motor response part of the nervous system responsible for?

A

Puts decisions into action

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15
Q

What does the somatic nervous system do?

A

Transmits voluntary instructions to skeletal muscle

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16
Q

What does the autonomic nervous system do?

A

Transmits involuntary instructions to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands

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17
Q

What is Myelin made of?

A

A Lipoprotein

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18
Q

What are four parts of a nerve cell structure?

A

Cell body, dendrites, Axon, and Schuann cells

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19
Q

What do Schwann cells do?

A

Encase peripheral axons

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20
Q

What is a glial cell?

A

A type of nerve cell that supports neurons

21
Q

What are gaps between Mylien clusters called?

A

Nodes of Ranvier

22
Q

What is myelination?

A

A series of Schwann cells along the length of an axon

23
Q

How are neurons classified?

A

By the number of extensions radiating from the cell body

24
Q

What are the three classifications of neurons?

A

Multipolar 99%, bipolar, and unipolar

25
Q

What do afferent neurons do?

A

Carry impulses to the central nervous system (accept information)

26
Q

What do efferent neurons do?

A

They cause effects in the body

27
Q

What do interneurons do?

A

They link neurons together

28
Q

What do motor neurons do?

A

They carry impulses away from the central nervous system to deliver signals to the effector

29
Q

What are Two functions of astrocytes?

A

Connect neurons to blood vessels and are part of the blood vain barrier

30
Q

What do Oligodendrocytes do?

A

Myelinate central nervous system axons and provide structural support

31
Q

What do Microglia do?

A

Provide structural support for the nervous system

32
Q

What do epedymal cells do?

A

They line the central canal of the spinal cord and the ventricles of the brain

33
Q

What do you Schwann cells do?

A

Produce the myelin sheath found on some peripheral axons and speed up nerve impulse transmission

34
Q

What happens if the cell body of a neuron is injured?

A

The neuron usually dies

35
Q

Can neurons in the peripheral nervous system regenerate?

A

Yes

36
Q

What role do Schwann cells play in the regeneration of a nerve cell?

A

Schwann cells provide a guiding sheath for the growing Axon

37
Q

Why don’t central nervous system sells typically regenerate?

A

They lack neurilemma as a guiding sheath

38
Q

What is a synapse?

A

The site at which a neuron transmits nerve impulses to another neuron

39
Q

What happens when an impulse reaches the synaptic knob?

A

An influx of Ca++ ions occur

40
Q

What is resting membrane potential?

A

The potential difference in charges across an axon membrane

41
Q

What is the potential difference and resting membrane potential?

A

-70mV With the inside being negative

42
Q

Is a resting membrane polar or nonpolar?

A

Polar

43
Q

How do neurons detect and respond to stimuli?

A

By changing their resting potential

44
Q

What must occur for action potential to be sent?

A

The depolarization of the membrane reaching -55mV

45
Q

What does an action potential being all or none response mean?

A

It means if a neuron responds it responds completely

46
Q

How does a nervous system stimulus increase intensity?

A

By producing a higher frequency

47
Q

What does an absolute refractory period mean?

A

It can’t generate another action potential

48
Q

What is relative refractory period?

A

It means only high intensity stimuli generate another action potential

49
Q

What determines the rate at which impulses of the nervous system or conducted?

A

Myelination and the thickness of the axon (thinner axons slower speeds and thicker axons faster speeds)

Z A&P Summer Studying (15 decks)

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