Lecture #6

Question 1

What are the four functions of the nervous system?

Answer 1

To detect changes, to make decisions, to stimulate responses, and to maintain homeostasis

Question 2

What are the two types of cells in the nervous system?

Answer 2

Neurons and neuroglia

Question 3

What do neurons do?

Answer 3

React to changes and relay information

Question 4

What do you neuroglia do?

Answer 4

Surround and support neurons and help maintain the blood brain barrier

Question 5

What is the central nervous system?

Answer 5

The brain and the spinal cord

Question 6

What are the two divisions of the peripheral nervous system?

Answer 6

The sensory division in the motor division

Question 7

What does the peripheral nervous system do?

Answer 7

Connects the central nervous system to other parts of the body

Question 8

What are the two divisions of the motor division?

Answer 8

The somatic and the autonomic

Question 9

What does the somatic nervous system control?

Answer 9

Skeletal muscle

Question 10

What does the autonomic nervous system control?

Answer 10

Smooth muscles, cardiac muscle, and glands

Question 11

What are the general three functions of the nervous system?

Answer 11

Sensory, integration, and motor response

Question 12

What is the sensory part of the nervous system responsible for?

Answer 12

Receiving, utilizing, and relaying information

Question 13

What is the integrative part of the nervous system Responsible for?

Answer 13

Coordinating Sensory info, Creates sensations memories and thoughts, and informed decision making

Question 14

What is the motor response part of the nervous system responsible for?

Answer 14

Puts decisions into action

Question 15

What does the somatic nervous system do?

Answer 15

Transmits voluntary instructions to skeletal muscle

Question 16

What does the autonomic nervous system do?

Answer 16

Transmits involuntary instructions to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands

Question 17

What is Myelin made of?

Answer 17

A Lipoprotein

Question 18

What are four parts of a nerve cell structure?

Answer 18

Cell body, dendrites, Axon, and Schuann cells

Question 19

What do Schwann cells do?

Answer 19

Encase peripheral axons

Question 20

What is a glial cell?

Answer 20

A type of nerve cell that supports neurons

Question 21

What are gaps between Mylien clusters called?

Answer 21

Nodes of Ranvier

Question 22

What is myelination?

Answer 22

A series of Schwann cells along the length of an axon

Question 23

How are neurons classified?

Answer 23

By the number of extensions radiating from the cell body

Question 24

What are the three classifications of neurons?

Answer 24

Multipolar 99%, bipolar, and unipolar

Question 25

What do afferent neurons do?

Answer 25

Carry impulses to the central nervous system (accept information)

Question 26

What do efferent neurons do?

Answer 26

They cause effects in the body

Question 27

What do interneurons do?

Answer 27

They link neurons together

Question 28

What do motor neurons do?

Answer 28

They carry impulses away from the central nervous system to deliver signals to the effector

Question 29

What are Two functions of astrocytes?

Answer 29

Connect neurons to blood vessels and are part of the blood vain barrier

Question 30

What do Oligodendrocytes do?

Answer 30

Myelinate central nervous system axons and provide structural support

Question 31

What do Microglia do?

Answer 31

Provide structural support for the nervous system

Question 32

What do epedymal cells do?

Answer 32

They line the central canal of the spinal cord and the ventricles of the brain

Question 33

What do you Schwann cells do?

Answer 33

Produce the myelin sheath found on some peripheral axons and speed up nerve impulse transmission

Question 34

What happens if the cell body of a neuron is injured?

Answer 34

The neuron usually dies

Question 35

Can neurons in the peripheral nervous system regenerate?

Answer 35

Yes

Question 36

What role do Schwann cells play in the regeneration of a nerve cell?

Answer 36

Schwann cells provide a guiding sheath for the growing Axon

Question 37

Why don’t central nervous system sells typically regenerate?

Answer 37

They lack neurilemma as a guiding sheath

Question 38

What is a synapse?

Answer 38

The site at which a neuron transmits nerve impulses to another neuron

Question 39

What happens when an impulse reaches the synaptic knob?

Answer 39

An influx of Ca++ ions occur

Question 40

What is resting membrane potential?

Answer 40

The potential difference in charges across an axon membrane

Question 41

What is the potential difference and resting membrane potential?

Answer 41

-70mV With the inside being negative

Question 42

Is a resting membrane polar or nonpolar?

Answer 42

Polar

Question 43

How do neurons detect and respond to stimuli?

Answer 43

By changing their resting potential

Question 44

What must occur for action potential to be sent?

Answer 44

The depolarization of the membrane reaching -55mV

Question 45

What does an action potential being all or none response mean?

Answer 45

It means if a neuron responds it responds completely

Question 46

How does a nervous system stimulus increase intensity?

Answer 46

By producing a higher frequency

Question 47

What does an absolute refractory period mean?

Answer 47

It can’t generate another action potential

Question 48

What is relative refractory period?

Answer 48

It means only high intensity stimuli generate another action potential

Question 49

What determines the rate at which impulses of the nervous system or conducted?

Answer 49

Myelination and the thickness of the axon (thinner axons slower speeds and thicker axons faster speeds)