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Z A&P Summer Studying > Lecture #10 > Flashcards

Lecture #10 Flashcards

1
Q

How do your senses maintain homeostasis?

A

By providing information about the outside world in the internal environment

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2
Q

What do sensory receptors do?

A

Collect information from the environment and relay it to the central nervous system via sensory neurons

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3
Q

What are the two types of senses?

A

General and special

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4
Q

What are general senses?

A

Senses distributed widely throughout the body found on the skin, various organs, and joints

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5
Q

What are special senses?

A

Specialized structures such as eyes, ears, nose, and mouth

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6
Q

What are sensations?

A

Feelings that occur when brain becomes aware of a sense

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7
Q

What is a perception?

A

How the brain handles information

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8
Q

What do chemoreceptors do?

A

Bind to chemicals

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9
Q

What do mocireceptors do?

A

Detect pain

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10
Q

What do you Thermoreceptors do?

A

Detect temperature

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11
Q

What do Mecanoreceptors do?

A

Detect touch or pressure

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12
Q

What do you photo receptors do?

A

Found in the eye and detect light

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13
Q

When does sensation occur?

A

When action potentials make the brain aware of sensory events

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14
Q

When does perceptions occur?

A

When the brain interprets sensory impulses

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15
Q

What is projection in the brain?

A

When the cerebral cortex derives from where sensations are being felt

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16
Q

What is sensory adaptation?

A

The ability to ignore an unpleasant or continuous stimuli

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17
Q

What is exteroceptive related to?

A

Helps you feel what’s outside your body such as Body surfaces

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18
Q

What is interceptive related to?

A

Helps you feel what’s inside your body such as blood pressure

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19
Q

What is proprioceptive related to?

A

Changes in muscles, tendons, and ligaments

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20
Q

What are free nerve endings and what do they sense?

A

They are the simplest receptors and they sense itching

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21
Q

What are Tactile corpuscles And what do they detect?

A

Abundant in hairless portions of the skin and lips and they detect fine touch and texture

22
Q

What are lamellated corpuscles and what do they detect?

A

Common and deeper subcutaneous tissues, tendons, and ligaments and they detect heavy pressure in vibrations

23
Q

Thermoreceptors exist as what?

A

Exist as free nerve endings in the skin

24
Q

What are the two types of Thermoreceptors?

A

Warm and cold receptors

25
Q

Between what temperatures do pain receptors become activated?

A

 Below 10°C (50) or above 45°C (113)

26
Q

What is another name for pain receptors?

A

Nociceptors

27
Q

What are three pain inhibiting substances that the body naturally produces?

A

Serotonin, enkephalins, and endorphins

28
Q

What is Referred pain?

A

Sources of visceral pain that feels like it’s coming from another part of the body

29
Q

What are fast-pain/A-delta fibers?

A

Fibers that are marinated and conduct impulses rapidly and usually cease when this stimulus has stopped

30
Q

What are slow pain/C favors?

A

Unmyelinated fibers that conduct impulses slowly and produce a doll and aching chronic pain that persists after the stimulus has stopped

31
Q

What are proprioceptor’s?

A

Mechanoreceptors that send information to the central nervous system about body position and length and tension of skeletal muscles

32
Q

What are the three types of proprioceptor’s?

A

Muscle spindles, Golgi tendon organs, and lamellated corpuscles

33
Q

What do you lamellated corpuscles detect?

A

Pressure receptors in joints

34
Q

What do you muscle spindles detect?

A

Stretch receptors in skeletal muscle

35
Q

What do you Golgi tendon organs detect?

A

Stretch receptors in tendons/force receptors of tendons

36
Q

What are Visceral senses?

A

Receptors in internal organs

37
Q

What are the three parts of the brain that regulate pain pathways?

A

Thalmus, cerebral cortex, and the brainstem

38
Q

What is the function of the Thalamus for the regulation of pain pathways in the brain?

A

Begins the sensation of the path

39
Q

What is the 3 functions of the cerebral cortex in regulating pain pathways in the brain?

A

Judges intensity of pain, locates the source of the pain, and coordinates a motor response

40
Q

What is the function of the brainstem in regulating pain pathways in the brain?

A

Regulates the flow of impulses from the spinal cord

41
Q

What are the four special senses?

A

Smell, taste, hearing/equilibrium, and sight

42
Q

What is olfaction?

A

The sense of smell

43
Q

What do olfaction receptors respond to and why?

A

Chemicals because they are a type of chemoreceptor

44
Q

What percent of taste comes from smell?

A

75 to 80%

45
Q

How many types of proteins do olfactory receptors contain?

A

One type of membrane proteins

46
Q

How many types of membrane proteins are there in olfactory receptors?

A

400

47
Q

What is gustation?

A

The sense of taste

48
Q

What are the organs of taste?

A

Taste buds

49
Q

Where are taste buds located?

A

On the papillae of the tongue, on the roof of the mouth, and in the linings of the Cheeks in the walls of the pharynx

50
Q

What are taste cells?

A

Modified epithelial cells that function as a receptors

51
Q

What are taste receptors?

A

A type of chemoreceptor

52
Q

How often are taste receptors replaced?

A

Every three days

Z A&P Summer Studying (15 decks)

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