Lecture #10

Question 1

How do your senses maintain homeostasis?

Answer 1

By providing information about the outside world in the internal environment

Question 2

What do sensory receptors do?

Answer 2

Collect information from the environment and relay it to the central nervous system via sensory neurons

Question 3

What are the two types of senses?

Answer 3

General and special

Question 4

What are general senses?

Answer 4

Senses distributed widely throughout the body found on the skin, various organs, and joints

Question 5

What are special senses?

Answer 5

Specialized structures such as eyes, ears, nose, and mouth

Question 6

What are sensations?

Answer 6

Feelings that occur when brain becomes aware of a sense

Question 7

What is a perception?

Answer 7

How the brain handles information

Question 8

What do chemoreceptors do?

Answer 8

Bind to chemicals

Question 9

What do mocireceptors do?

Answer 9

Detect pain

Question 10

What do you Thermoreceptors do?

Answer 10

Detect temperature

Question 11

What do Mecanoreceptors do?

Answer 11

Detect touch or pressure

Question 12

What do you photo receptors do?

Answer 12

Found in the eye and detect light

Question 13

When does sensation occur?

Answer 13

When action potentials make the brain aware of sensory events

Question 14

When does perceptions occur?

Answer 14

When the brain interprets sensory impulses

Question 15

What is projection in the brain?

Answer 15

When the cerebral cortex derives from where sensations are being felt

Question 16

What is sensory adaptation?

Answer 16

The ability to ignore an unpleasant or continuous stimuli

Question 17

What is exteroceptive related to?

Answer 17

Helps you feel what’s outside your body such as Body surfaces

Question 18

What is interceptive related to?

Answer 18

Helps you feel what’s inside your body such as blood pressure

Question 19

What is proprioceptive related to?

Answer 19

Changes in muscles, tendons, and ligaments

Question 20

What are free nerve endings and what do they sense?

Answer 20

They are the simplest receptors and they sense itching

Question 21

What are Tactile corpuscles And what do they detect?

Answer 21

Abundant in hairless portions of the skin and lips and they detect fine touch and texture

Question 22

What are lamellated corpuscles and what do they detect?

Answer 22

Common and deeper subcutaneous tissues, tendons, and ligaments and they detect heavy pressure in vibrations

Question 23

Thermoreceptors exist as what?

Answer 23

Exist as free nerve endings in the skin

Question 24

What are the two types of Thermoreceptors?

Answer 24

Warm and cold receptors

Question 25

Between what temperatures do pain receptors become activated?

Answer 25

 Below 10°C (50) or above 45°C (113)

Question 26

What is another name for pain receptors?

Answer 26

Nociceptors

Question 27

What are three pain inhibiting substances that the body naturally produces?

Answer 27

Serotonin, enkephalins, and endorphins

Question 28

What is Referred pain?

Answer 28

Sources of visceral pain that feels like it’s coming from another part of the body

Question 29

What are fast-pain/A-delta fibers?

Answer 29

Fibers that are marinated and conduct impulses rapidly and usually cease when this stimulus has stopped

Question 30

What are slow pain/C favors?

Answer 30

Unmyelinated fibers that conduct impulses slowly and produce a doll and aching chronic pain that persists after the stimulus has stopped

Question 31

What are proprioceptor’s?

Answer 31

Mechanoreceptors that send information to the central nervous system about body position and length and tension of skeletal muscles

Question 32

What are the three types of proprioceptor’s?

Answer 32

Muscle spindles, Golgi tendon organs, and lamellated corpuscles

Question 33

What do you lamellated corpuscles detect?

Answer 33

Pressure receptors in joints

Question 34

What do you muscle spindles detect?

Answer 34

Stretch receptors in skeletal muscle

Question 35

What do you Golgi tendon organs detect?

Answer 35

Stretch receptors in tendons/force receptors of tendons

Question 36

What are Visceral senses?

Answer 36

Receptors in internal organs

Question 37

What are the three parts of the brain that regulate pain pathways?

Answer 37

Thalmus, cerebral cortex, and the brainstem

Question 38

What is the function of the Thalamus for the regulation of pain pathways in the brain?

Answer 38

Begins the sensation of the path

Question 39

What is the 3 functions of the cerebral cortex in regulating pain pathways in the brain?

Answer 39

Judges intensity of pain, locates the source of the pain, and coordinates a motor response

Question 40

What is the function of the brainstem in regulating pain pathways in the brain?

Answer 40

Regulates the flow of impulses from the spinal cord

Question 41

What are the four special senses?

Answer 41

Smell, taste, hearing/equilibrium, and sight

Question 42

What is olfaction?

Answer 42

The sense of smell

Question 43

What do olfaction receptors respond to and why?

Answer 43

Chemicals because they are a type of chemoreceptor

Question 44

What percent of taste comes from smell?

Answer 44

75 to 80%

Question 45

How many types of proteins do olfactory receptors contain?

Answer 45

One type of membrane proteins

Question 46

How many types of membrane proteins are there in olfactory receptors?

Answer 46

400

Question 47

What is gustation?

Answer 47

The sense of taste

Question 48

What are the organs of taste?

Answer 48

Taste buds

Question 49

Where are taste buds located?

Answer 49

On the papillae of the tongue, on the roof of the mouth, and in the linings of the Cheeks in the walls of the pharynx

Question 50

What are taste cells?

Answer 50

Modified epithelial cells that function as a receptors

Question 51

What are taste receptors?

Answer 51

A type of chemoreceptor

Question 52

How often are taste receptors replaced?

Answer 52

Every three days