Lecture #10 Flashcards
How do your senses maintain homeostasis?
By providing information about the outside world in the internal environment
What do sensory receptors do?
Collect information from the environment and relay it to the central nervous system via sensory neurons
What are the two types of senses?
General and special
What are general senses?
Senses distributed widely throughout the body found on the skin, various organs, and joints
What are special senses?
Specialized structures such as eyes, ears, nose, and mouth
What are sensations?
Feelings that occur when brain becomes aware of a sense
What is a perception?
How the brain handles information
What do chemoreceptors do?
Bind to chemicals
What do mocireceptors do?
Detect pain
What do you Thermoreceptors do?
Detect temperature
What do Mecanoreceptors do?
Detect touch or pressure
What do you photo receptors do?
Found in the eye and detect light
When does sensation occur?
When action potentials make the brain aware of sensory events
When does perceptions occur?
When the brain interprets sensory impulses
What is projection in the brain?
When the cerebral cortex derives from where sensations are being felt
What is sensory adaptation?
The ability to ignore an unpleasant or continuous stimuli
What is exteroceptive related to?
Helps you feel what’s outside your body such as Body surfaces
What is interceptive related to?
Helps you feel what’s inside your body such as blood pressure
What is proprioceptive related to?
Changes in muscles, tendons, and ligaments
What are free nerve endings and what do they sense?
They are the simplest receptors and they sense itching
What are Tactile corpuscles And what do they detect?
Abundant in hairless portions of the skin and lips and they detect fine touch and texture
What are lamellated corpuscles and what do they detect?
Common and deeper subcutaneous tissues, tendons, and ligaments and they detect heavy pressure in vibrations
Thermoreceptors exist as what?
Exist as free nerve endings in the skin
What are the two types of Thermoreceptors?
Warm and cold receptors
Between what temperatures do pain receptors become activated?
 Below 10°C (50) or above 45°C (113)
What is another name for pain receptors?
Nociceptors
What are three pain inhibiting substances that the body naturally produces?
Serotonin, enkephalins, and endorphins
What is Referred pain?
Sources of visceral pain that feels like it’s coming from another part of the body
What are fast-pain/A-delta fibers?
Fibers that are marinated and conduct impulses rapidly and usually cease when this stimulus has stopped
What are slow pain/C favors?
Unmyelinated fibers that conduct impulses slowly and produce a doll and aching chronic pain that persists after the stimulus has stopped
What are proprioceptor’s?
Mechanoreceptors that send information to the central nervous system about body position and length and tension of skeletal muscles
What are the three types of proprioceptor’s?
Muscle spindles, Golgi tendon organs, and lamellated corpuscles
What do you lamellated corpuscles detect?
Pressure receptors in joints
What do you muscle spindles detect?
Stretch receptors in skeletal muscle
What do you Golgi tendon organs detect?
Stretch receptors in tendons/force receptors of tendons
What are Visceral senses?
Receptors in internal organs
What are the three parts of the brain that regulate pain pathways?
Thalmus, cerebral cortex, and the brainstem
What is the function of the Thalamus for the regulation of pain pathways in the brain?
Begins the sensation of the path
What is the 3 functions of the cerebral cortex in regulating pain pathways in the brain?
Judges intensity of pain, locates the source of the pain, and coordinates a motor response
What is the function of the brainstem in regulating pain pathways in the brain?
Regulates the flow of impulses from the spinal cord
What are the four special senses?
Smell, taste, hearing/equilibrium, and sight
What is olfaction?
The sense of smell
What do olfaction receptors respond to and why?
Chemicals because they are a type of chemoreceptor
What percent of taste comes from smell?
75 to 80%
How many types of proteins do olfactory receptors contain?
One type of membrane proteins
How many types of membrane proteins are there in olfactory receptors?
400
What is gustation?
The sense of taste
What are the organs of taste?
Taste buds
Where are taste buds located?
On the papillae of the tongue, on the roof of the mouth, and in the linings of the Cheeks in the walls of the pharynx
What are taste cells?
Modified epithelial cells that function as a receptors
What are taste receptors?
A type of chemoreceptor
How often are taste receptors replaced?
Every three days
