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Z A&P Summer Studying > Lecture #2 > Flashcards

Lecture #2 Flashcards

1
Q

Noble Gases?

A

Stability (Octet Rule=Each atom want 8 electrons in outer shell)

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2
Q

Covalent Bond?

A

Sharing electrons

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3
Q

Ionic Bond?

A

Positive+ & Negative- attraction

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4
Q

Hydrogen Bonding?

A

Hydrogen becomes positive when electrons are unequally shared in a covalent bond and is attracted to a negatively charged atom or molecule.

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5
Q

Polar?

A

Molecule has a negative and positive end (electrons not shared equally).

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6
Q

Non-Polar?

A

Electrons are shared equally resulting in neither a negative or positive charge.

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7
Q

Solvent?

A

A substance that dissolves other substances (solutes).

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8
Q

Acid?

A

Proton donor-Substance that releases H+ when dissolved in water.

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9
Q

Base?

A

Proton Acceptor-Substance that reduces H+ concentration when dissolved in water.

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10
Q

Buffer?

A

Can either accept or donate an H+ ion to maintain pH levels.

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11
Q

Structure of Carbohydrates?

A

CH20 (water molecule + carbon)

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12
Q

Glycolysis?

A

Splitting of sugars

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13
Q

What are the four basic types of tissue? (Histology)

A

Epithelial
Connective
Muscle
Nervous

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14
Q

Tissue?

A

A group of cells organized together to carry out specific functions.

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15
Q

Six levels of tissue?

A 
Atom
Molecule
Organelle
Cell
Tissue
Organ
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16
Q

Functions of epithelial tissue?

A 
Cover
Line
Protect
Absorb
Secrete
Filter/diffuse
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17
Q

How is epithelial tissue classified?

A

Squamous-flattened/scale like
Cuboidal-cubed shaped
Columnar-rectangular

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18
Q

How is epithelial tissue arranged?

A

Simple-one layer
Stratified-multiple layers
Pseudostratified-appears to have multiple layers but all cells contact basement membrane (Pseudo=False)

19
Q

What does connective tissue do?

A

Binds/connects, protects, supports, stores energy, body defense/immunity.

20
Q

What are common characteristics of connective tissue?

A

Abundance of matrix between cells, fibers, vascularity, variety of cell types.

21
Q

Loose connective/areolar tissue functions?

A

Surrounds organs, muscles, blood vessels, lines body cavities, cushions, and supports.

22
Q

What is adipose tissue composed of?

A

Composed of Fat cells called adipocytes.

23
Q

Where is adipose tissue located?

A

Deep to the skin and throughout the body.

24
Q

What is the function of adipose tissue?

A

Stores energy, cushions, and pads.

25
Q

What is dense connective tissue composed of?

A

Collagen fibers and bundles.

26
Q

What is dense regular connective tissue?

A

It makes up tendons and ligaments.

27
Q

What is dense irregular connective tissue?

A

Makes up the dermis of the skin and stretches and has strengthen all directions.

28
Q

What is blood?

A

Cells supported in a liquid substance.

29
Q

What is the function of blood?

A

Gas transport in immunity.

30
Q

What type of tissue is avascular?

A

Cartilage

31
Q

What is hyaline cartilage?

A

The cartilage found between bones in a joint to reduce friction.

32
Q

What is elastic cartilage?

A

A type of cartilage that provides strength and elasticity to certain parts of the body such as the ears.

33
Q

What is fibrocartilage?

A

A type of cartilage found predominantly in the invertible disc’s and insertions of ligaments and tendons.

34
Q

What is cartilage made of?

A

Chondrocytes

35
Q

What are the two types of bone tissue?

A

Compact bone and spongy/cancellous bone.

36
Q

What is compact bone?

A

A type of dense bone material used to create the hard outer shell of most bones in the body.

37
Q

What is spongy/cancellous bone?

A

Porus and vascularized type of bone marrow found in the middle of bones.

38
Q

What are the three types of muscle tissue?

A

Skeletal, cardiac, and smooth.

39
Q

Characteristics of skeletal muscle tissue?

A

A type of voluntary muscle that has long and non-branching fibers which are striated and have many nuclei located peripherally.

40
Q

Characteristics of cardiac muscle?

A

A type of involuntary muscle that has branching striated fibers with centrally located nuclei. Where branching fibers join intercalated discs are visible.

41
Q

Characteristics of smooth muscle?

A

Involuntary muscles with Elongated spindle-shaped fibers which are non-striated. Each cell has a nucleus located in the center of the cell.

42
Q

Characteristics of nervous tissue?

A

Able to detect changes in the environment and initiate responses.

43
Q

Two major classes of nervous tissue?

A

Neurons-nerve cells/conduction cells

Neuroglia-protective and supportive cells

Z A&P Summer Studying (15 decks)

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