Lecture #2

Question 1

Noble Gases?

Answer 1

Stability (Octet Rule=Each atom want 8 electrons in outer shell)

Question 2

Covalent Bond?

Answer 2

Sharing electrons

Question 3

Ionic Bond?

Answer 3

Positive+ & Negative- attraction

Question 4

Hydrogen Bonding?

Answer 4

Hydrogen becomes positive when electrons are unequally shared in a covalent bond and is attracted to a negatively charged atom or molecule.

Question 5

Polar?

Answer 5

Molecule has a negative and positive end (electrons not shared equally).

Question 6

Non-Polar?

Answer 6

Electrons are shared equally resulting in neither a negative or positive charge.

Question 7

Solvent?

Answer 7

A substance that dissolves other substances (solutes).

Question 8

Acid?

Answer 8

Proton donor-Substance that releases H+ when dissolved in water.

Question 9

Base?

Answer 9

Proton Acceptor-Substance that reduces H+ concentration when dissolved in water.

Question 10

Buffer?

Answer 10

Can either accept or donate an H+ ion to maintain pH levels.

Question 11

Structure of Carbohydrates?

Answer 11

CH20 (water molecule + carbon)

Question 12

Glycolysis?

Answer 12

Splitting of sugars

Question 13

What are the four basic types of tissue? (Histology)

Answer 13

Epithelial
Connective
Muscle
Nervous

Question 14

Tissue?

Answer 14

A group of cells organized together to carry out specific functions.

Question 15

Six levels of tissue?

Answer 15

Atom
Molecule
Organelle
Cell
Tissue
Organ

Question 16

Functions of epithelial tissue?

Answer 16

Cover
Line
Protect
Absorb
Secrete
Filter/diffuse

Question 17

How is epithelial tissue classified?

Answer 17

Squamous-flattened/scale like
Cuboidal-cubed shaped
Columnar-rectangular

Question 18

How is epithelial tissue arranged?

Answer 18

Simple-one layer
Stratified-multiple layers
Pseudostratified-appears to have multiple layers but all cells contact basement membrane (Pseudo=False)

Question 19

What does connective tissue do?

Answer 19

Binds/connects, protects, supports, stores energy, body defense/immunity.

Question 20

What are common characteristics of connective tissue?

Answer 20

Abundance of matrix between cells, fibers, vascularity, variety of cell types.

Question 21

Loose connective/areolar tissue functions?

Answer 21

Surrounds organs, muscles, blood vessels, lines body cavities, cushions, and supports.

Question 22

What is adipose tissue composed of?

Answer 22

Composed of Fat cells called adipocytes.

Question 23

Where is adipose tissue located?

Answer 23

Deep to the skin and throughout the body.

Question 24

What is the function of adipose tissue?

Answer 24

Stores energy, cushions, and pads.

Question 25

What is dense connective tissue composed of?

Answer 25

Collagen fibers and bundles.

Question 26

What is dense regular connective tissue?

Answer 26

It makes up tendons and ligaments.

Question 27

What is dense irregular connective tissue?

Answer 27

Makes up the dermis of the skin and stretches and has strengthen all directions.

Question 28

What is blood?

Answer 28

Cells supported in a liquid substance.

Question 29

What is the function of blood?

Answer 29

Gas transport in immunity.

Question 30

What type of tissue is avascular?

Answer 30

Cartilage

Question 31

What is hyaline cartilage?

Answer 31

The cartilage found between bones in a joint to reduce friction.

Question 32

What is elastic cartilage?

Answer 32

A type of cartilage that provides strength and elasticity to certain parts of the body such as the ears.

Question 33

What is fibrocartilage?

Answer 33

A type of cartilage found predominantly in the invertible disc’s and insertions of ligaments and tendons.

Question 34

What is cartilage made of?

Answer 34

Chondrocytes

Question 35

What are the two types of bone tissue?

Answer 35

Compact bone and spongy/cancellous bone.

Question 36

What is compact bone?

Answer 36

A type of dense bone material used to create the hard outer shell of most bones in the body.

Question 37

What is spongy/cancellous bone?

Answer 37

Porus and vascularized type of bone marrow found in the middle of bones.

Question 38

What are the three types of muscle tissue?

Answer 38

Skeletal, cardiac, and smooth.

Question 39

Characteristics of skeletal muscle tissue?

Answer 39

A type of voluntary muscle that has long and non-branching fibers which are striated and have many nuclei located peripherally.

Question 40

Characteristics of cardiac muscle?

Answer 40

A type of involuntary muscle that has branching striated fibers with centrally located nuclei. Where branching fibers join intercalated discs are visible.

Question 41

Characteristics of smooth muscle?

Answer 41

Involuntary muscles with Elongated spindle-shaped fibers which are non-striated. Each cell has a nucleus located in the center of the cell.

Question 42

Characteristics of nervous tissue?

Answer 42

Able to detect changes in the environment and initiate responses.

Question 43

Two major classes of nervous tissue?

Answer 43

Neurons-nerve cells/conduction cells | Neuroglia-protective and supportive cells