Lecture 8 The Cerebral Hemispheres Flashcards
Define basal ganglia
A collection of neuronal bodies buried in the white matter
Name the 2 main anatomical landmarks
Median longitudinal fissure
Corpus Callosum
What is the posterior part of the cerebral hemisphere responsible for
Sensory
What is the anterior part of the cerebral hemisphere responsible for
Motor
The medial portion of the cerebral hemisphere (limbic system) is responsible for what
Storage and retrieval of processed information
What is area 4 in the brain
Precentral sulcus- primary motor cortex- somatotopic representation of contralateral half of body
What is area 44, 45 in the brain
Inferior frontal gyrus
Broca’s area of motor speech
What is area 9,10,11,12 in the brain
Prefrontal cortex- cognitive fucntions og higher order- intellect, judgement, prediction, planning
The precentral gyrus is what type of cortex
Motor cortex of Homunculus
The postcentral gyrus is what type of cortex
Somatosensory of the Hounculus
The primary sensory area is what numbers
1,2 and 3
What lobe is the primary sensory area found
Parietal lobe
Post central gyrus
What type of interpretation is the superior parietal lobule responsible for
Interpretation of general sensory information (sensory association area) and conscious awareness of contralateral half of body
What type of interpretation is the inferior parietal lobule responsible for
Interface between somatosensory cortex, visual and auditory association areas. In dominant hemisphere, contributes to language functions
What is the result of a parietal lobe lesion
Hemisensory neglect
Right-left agnosia
Acalculia
Agraphia
What is area 41 and 42
Primary auditory cortex
Superior temporal gyrus
What is the function of the temporal lobe
Dominant hemisphere- Wenickes area- crucial for understanding spoken word
Interior surface- received fibres from olfactory tract- smell
What is area 17
Medial surface of the occipital lobe, on either side of the calcarine sulcus is the primary visual cortex
What is area 18,19
Visual association cortex concerned with interpretation of visual images
What forms the limbic lobe
Within the medial surface of the cerebral hemisphere: cingulate gyrus, hippocampus, parahippocampal gyrus and the amygdala
What is Aphasia
Problem with speech due to damage to one or more speech areas in brain
What are the language areas
Brocas area- 44,45
Wernicke’s area- 41,42
What is the consequence of damage to the frontal lobe
Understand speech Misses small words Aware of speech Weakness/paralysis of one side of the body Broca's Aphasia
What is the consequence of a damaged frontal lobeq
Fluent speech New meaningless words Cant understand speech Doesn't recognise own mistakes No paralysis Wernicke's aphasia
