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Neurology > Lecture 8 The Cerebral Hemispheres > Flashcards

Lecture 8 The Cerebral Hemispheres Flashcards

1
Q

Define basal ganglia

A

A collection of neuronal bodies buried in the white matter

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2
Q

Name the 2 main anatomical landmarks

A

Median longitudinal fissure

Corpus Callosum

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3
Q

What is the posterior part of the cerebral hemisphere responsible for

A

Sensory

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4
Q

What is the anterior part of the cerebral hemisphere responsible for

A

Motor

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5
Q

The medial portion of the cerebral hemisphere (limbic system) is responsible for what

A

Storage and retrieval of processed information

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6
Q

What is area 4 in the brain

A

Precentral sulcus- primary motor cortex- somatotopic representation of contralateral half of body

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7
Q

What is area 44, 45 in the brain

A

Inferior frontal gyrus

Broca’s area of motor speech

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8
Q

What is area 9,10,11,12 in the brain

A

Prefrontal cortex- cognitive fucntions og higher order- intellect, judgement, prediction, planning

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9
Q

The precentral gyrus is what type of cortex

A

Motor cortex of Homunculus

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10
Q

The postcentral gyrus is what type of cortex

A

Somatosensory of the Hounculus

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11
Q

The primary sensory area is what numbers

A

1,2 and 3

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12
Q

What lobe is the primary sensory area found

A

Parietal lobe

Post central gyrus

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13
Q

What type of interpretation is the superior parietal lobule responsible for

A

Interpretation of general sensory information (sensory association area) and conscious awareness of contralateral half of body

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14
Q

What type of interpretation is the inferior parietal lobule responsible for

A

Interface between somatosensory cortex, visual and auditory association areas. In dominant hemisphere, contributes to language functions

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15
Q

What is the result of a parietal lobe lesion

A

Hemisensory neglect
Right-left agnosia
Acalculia
Agraphia

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16
Q

What is area 41 and 42

A

Primary auditory cortex

Superior temporal gyrus

17
Q

What is the function of the temporal lobe

A

Dominant hemisphere- Wenickes area- crucial for understanding spoken word
Interior surface- received fibres from olfactory tract- smell

18
Q

What is area 17

A

Medial surface of the occipital lobe, on either side of the calcarine sulcus is the primary visual cortex

19
Q

What is area 18,19

A

Visual association cortex concerned with interpretation of visual images

20
Q

What forms the limbic lobe

A

Within the medial surface of the cerebral hemisphere: cingulate gyrus, hippocampus, parahippocampal gyrus and the amygdala

21
Q

What is Aphasia

A

Problem with speech due to damage to one or more speech areas in brain

22
Q

What are the language areas

A

Brocas area- 44,45

Wernicke’s area- 41,42

23
Q

What is the consequence of damage to the frontal lobe

A 
Understand speech
Misses small words
Aware of speech
Weakness/paralysis of one side of the body
Broca's Aphasia
24
Q

What is the consequence of a damaged frontal lobeq

A 
Fluent speech
New meaningless words
Cant understand speech
Doesn't recognise own mistakes 
No paralysis
Wernicke's aphasia
25
Q

What are the 3 types of myelinated axon fibres bundled into tracts

A

Commisural
Association
Projection

26
Q

Define Commisural fibres

A

Connect corresponding areas of the two hemispheres (corpus callosum)

27
Q

Define Association fibres

A

Connect one part of the cortex with the other. May be short or long

28
Q

Define Projection fibres

A

Run between the cerebral cortex and various subcortical centres. They pass through the corona radiata and the internal capsule

29
Q

Define 3D cerebral tractography

A

Modelling technique that maps functional white matter tracts

30
Q

What is the internal capsule

A

Made up of projection fibres passing to and from the cerebral cortex.
Located in between lentiform nucleus, caudate nucleus and thalamus

31
Q

What is the basal ganglia

A

Subcortical nuclei (collection of neuronal cell bodies) deep within each cerebral hemisphere.

32
Q

What is the basal ganglia made up of

A

Caudate nucleus
Putamen
Globus pallidus

33
Q

Name the individual basal ganglia

A 
Caudate
Putamen
Globus pallidus
Lentiform nucleus 
Substantia nigra
34
Q

What is the function of the caudate and putamen

A

Input regions that receive input from the motor cortex, premotor cortex and from the thalamus

35
Q

What are the putput regions

A

Globus pallidus and the substantia nigra

36
Q

What is the function of the globus pallidus

A

Projects primarily to the thalamus

37
Q

What is the function of the basal ganglia

A

Helps regulate initiation and termination of movements

Neurology (44 decks)

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