Lecture 21 Loss of Vision (Posterior Segment) Flashcards
What is the Macula
Functional Centre of the retina
What is the optic cup
Cup-like area in centre of optic disc
Name Ancillary tests used to assess vision loss
Ampler chart Colour vision Visual field assessment Fluorescein Angiography Optical Coherence Tomography
What diseases cause sudden complete vision loss (vascular)
Central retinal artery occlusion
Giant Cell Arteritis
Anterior Ischaemic Optic Neuropathy
How is Central retinal artery occlusion treated
Identify and treat risk factors
Intravitreal anti-VEGF
What are the symptoms and signs of Anterior Ischaemic Optic Neuropathy
Symptoms • Loss of vision • Headache • Loss of appetite • Scalp tenderness • Pain on chewing
Signs
• Tenderness of superficial temporal arteries
• Raised inflammatory markers
How is Anterior Ischaemic Optic Neuropathy treated
High dose of systemic steroids
What are the symptoms of Non-Arteritic: Anterior Ischaemic Optic Neuropathy
Painless
How is Non-Arteritic: Anterior Ischaemic Optic Neuropathy managed
Identify and treat risks
What are the symptoms of cataracts
o Loss of vision
o Dazzle/glare
How is Cataracts treated
surgery (phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implant)
What is the classifications of Glaucoma
Open or close angle/ chronic or acute
What are the symptoms of Glaucoma
o Asymptomatic
o Gradual loss of peripheral field of vision
Name some signs of Chronic Glaucoma
- Raised intraocular pressure
- Visual field defects
- Optic disc damage
How is Chronic Glaucoma managed
- Topical treatment
* Surgery (trabeculectomy)-
Name symptoms of Age Related Macular Degeneration
- Progressive loss of central vision
* Distortion
What are the signs of Age Related Macular Degeneration
- Distortion on amsler chart
- Drusen- yellow deposits under the retina (Drusen are made up of lipids, a fatty protein)
- Pigment epithelial changes
What are the types of AMD
Dry- drusen/atrophy
Wet- Choroidal new vessels
What is the management for dry AMD
Low vision aids
Registration
What is the investigation for Wet AMD
- OCT: 3D scan of the tissue lining the back of the eye.
* Fluorescein angiography
How is wet AmD managed
- Intravitreal anti vegf
- Low vision aids
- Registration
Name sigs of Diabetic Retinopathy
- Microaneurysms
- Retinal haemorrhage and exudates
- Neovascularisation (disc/retina)
Name investigations for Diabetic Retinopathy
- Fluorescein angiography
* OCT
How is Diabetic Neuropathy managed
- Intravitreal anti vegf
- Laser- panretinal photocoagulation
- Low vision aids
- Registration
