Lecture 12 Motor Control 1 Flashcards
What area is the Primary Motor Cortex
Area 4 (M1)
What area is the Supplementary Motor Cortex
Area 6 (SMA &PMA)
What area is the Posterior Parietal Cortex
Area 5 and 7
How many levels are involved in voluntary movements
3
Name the levels and functions involved in voluntary movement
High- Strategy- Association Neocortex, Basal ganglion
Middle- Tactis- Motor cortex, cerebellum
Low-Execution- Brainstem and spinal cord
How is the brain connected to the spinal cord
Lateral pathway and Ventromedial pathways
What is the Lateral pathway
Controls voluntary movements of distal muscles
Where do 2/3rds of the CST originate from
Areas 4 & 6
What is the Rubrospinal Tract
A much smaller tract that starts n the red nucleus of the midbrain and receives input from the same cortical areas as the CST
What is the consequence of lesions to the CST and the RST
Fine movements of arms and hands are lost- cannot move shoulders, elbows, wrist and fingers independently
What is the consequence of a CST lesion alone
Same deficits seen as before but after a few months functions appear as RST takes over
What do large pyramidal neurones in the motor cortex do
Project via CST
Monosynaptically excite pools of agonist muscles
Inhibit pools of antagonist motoneurons
What is the function of Ventromedial pathways
Control posture and locomotion
Under brainstem control
What 2 ventromedial pathways control posture and locomotion
Vestibulospinal tract
Tectospinal tract
How does the vestibulospinal tract control posture
Stabilises head and neck
How does the tectospinal tract control posture and locomotion
Ensures eyes remain stable as body moves
Where does the vestibulospinal tract travel through
Vetsibula nucleus in th medulla
Where does the tectospinal tract travel through
The super colliculus in the midbrain
What ventromedial pathways control trunk and antigravity muscles
Pontine and medullary reticulospinal tracts
Where do the pontine and medullary reticulospinal tracts originate
Brain stem
How do the pontine and medullary reticulospinal tracts reflexly maintain balance and body position
Uses sensory information about balance, body position and vision
What doe the pontine and medullary reticulospinal tracts innervate
Trunk and antigravity muscles in limbs
Define Somatotopic
the orderly and specific relation between particular body regions (as a hand or the tongue) and corresponding motor areas of the brain
Medial tracts from brainstem control__
Posture, balance and orienting mechanism
